Epistaxis Flashcards
What is epistaxis?
Bleeding from the nose
It can be unilateral or bilateral and vary from mild to severe.
Where is the most frequent site of nose bleeding?
Little’s area
This area is located in the antero-inferior part of the nasal septum.
What is Kiesselbach’s plexus?
A highly vascular anastomosis in the nasal cavity
It is the area where various branches of blood vessels supply the nasal cavity.
What is Woodruff’s area?
The posterior end of the inferior turbinate
This area contains a venous plexus and is a common site for nosebleeds.
What are the two main classifications of causes of epistaxis?
Local and Systemic Causes
Each category encompasses various specific causes.
Name a congenital cause of epistaxis.
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
This condition is also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
What is the commonest acquired cause of epistaxis?
Nose picking
This is a frequent cause of nasal bleeding.
List three infections that can cause epistaxis.
- Acute Rhinitis
- Sinusitis
- Adenoiditis
Other infections may also contribute to nasal bleeding.
What systemic condition is a common cause of epistaxis?
Hypertension
High blood pressure can lead to bleeding from the nose.
What is the management approach for recurrent nasal bleeding?
- Adequate clinical history
- Comprehensive physical examination
- Investigations
- Definitive treatment
Each step is crucial for effective management.
What investigations are important for managing epistaxis?
- Full blood count
- Clotting profile
- Renal function tests
- Liver function tests
- CT scan of sinuses
- Angiography
These tests help identify underlying causes.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a method used to stop epistaxis that involves placing a gauze pack in the nasal cavity.
Nasal packing
This is a common technique in managing nasal bleeding.
What is the ABCD rule in the resuscitation of a patient with severe epistaxis?
- A - Airway
- B - Breathing
- C - Circulation
- D - Definitive treatment
This rule guides the management of the patient.
What definitive treatment may be required for persistent severe epistaxis?
Arterial Ligation
Ligation of the external carotid artery or the maxillary artery may be necessary.
True or False: Epistaxis can be idiopathic.
True
Some cases of epistaxis have no identifiable cause.
