Assessment Of Hoarseness Flashcards
What is the general examination in the context of ENT?
A systematic assessment of the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck.
Which cranial nerves are examined during a laryngoscopy?
Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI.
What are the types of laryngoscopy mentioned?
- Mirror laryngoscopy
- Fibreoptic laryngoscopy
- Hopkin’s rod laryngoscopy
- Rigid laryngoscopy
What role do the lungs play in voice production?
They serve as the activator for human voice production.
What is the source of power for vocal fold vibration?
Air in the lungs.
What are the components of the voice production mechanism?
- Vocal folds as vibrators
- Fine control of vocal fold movements for flexibility in voice
What functions do the face, sinuses, and chest serve in voice production?
They act as resonators, giving the voice its timbre or character.
What are the three regions of the laryngeal cavity?
- Supraglottic
- Glottic
- Infraglottic
Which arteries supply blood to the larynx?
- Superior laryngeal artery
- Inferior laryngeal artery
What nerves provide motor and sensory innervation to the larynx?
- Right and left superior laryngeal nerves
- Right and left inferior laryngeal nerves
What is the cricoid cartilage?
The inferior aspect of the larynx and the only complete ring of cartilage encircling the airway.
What are the two types of muscles in the larynx?
- Extrinsic muscles
- Intrinsic muscles
What causes hoarseness?
- Infective/Inflammatory
- Trauma
- Tumours
- Voice abuse (phonotrauma)
- Neurologic conditions
Which benign laryngeal conditions are associated with hoarseness?
- Papillomatosis
- Polyps
- Nodules
- Reinke’s oedema
- Muscle tension dysphonias
- Cysts
- Granulomas
- Vocal cord synechia
What are common investigations for laryngeal issues?
- CT/MRI
- FBC
- M/C/S
- Laryngoscopy and biopsy
What treatments are available for laryngeal conditions?
- Voice rest
- Speech therapy
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Antacids
- Antibiotics
- Surgery (e.g., direct laryngoscopy and excision)
What history details are important to gather in a laryngeal examination?
- Age
- Gender
- Occupation
- Onset, duration, progression
- Aggravating and relieving factors
- Associated symptoms
What are the unpaired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Epiglottis
What is hoarseness characterized by?
Altered vocal quality, pitch, volume, or vocal effort.
True or False: Hoarseness affects only a specific age group.
False.
What are the paired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?
- Arytenoid cartilages
- Corniculate cartilages
- Cuneiform cartilages
Fill in the blank: The larynx is a _______ skeleton moved and stabilized by ligaments and muscles.
[cartilaginous]
What are the potential causes of hoarseness related to drug history?
- Antihistamines
- Steroid inhalation
- Antipsychotics
- Diuretics
What role does the human voice play in communication?
It portrays thoughts, emotions, joys, and fears.
