Assessment Of Hoarseness

Question 1

What is the general examination in the context of ENT?

Answer 1

A systematic assessment of the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck.

Question 2

Which cranial nerves are examined during a laryngoscopy?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI.

Question 3

What are the types of laryngoscopy mentioned?

Answer 3

• Mirror laryngoscopy
• Fibreoptic laryngoscopy
• Hopkin’s rod laryngoscopy
• Rigid laryngoscopy

Question 4

What role do the lungs play in voice production?

Answer 4

They serve as the activator for human voice production.

Question 5

What is the source of power for vocal fold vibration?

Answer 5

Air in the lungs.

Question 6

What are the components of the voice production mechanism?

Answer 6

• Vocal folds as vibrators
• Fine control of vocal fold movements for flexibility in voice

Question 7

What functions do the face, sinuses, and chest serve in voice production?

Answer 7

They act as resonators, giving the voice its timbre or character.

Question 8

What are the three regions of the laryngeal cavity?

Answer 8

• Supraglottic
• Glottic
• Infraglottic

Question 9

Which arteries supply blood to the larynx?

Answer 9

• Superior laryngeal artery
• Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 10

What nerves provide motor and sensory innervation to the larynx?

Answer 10

• Right and left superior laryngeal nerves
• Right and left inferior laryngeal nerves

Question 11

What is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 11

The inferior aspect of the larynx and the only complete ring of cartilage encircling the airway.

Question 12

What are the two types of muscles in the larynx?

Answer 12

• Extrinsic muscles
• Intrinsic muscles

Question 13

What causes hoarseness?

Answer 13

• Infective/Inflammatory
• Trauma
• Tumours
• Voice abuse (phonotrauma)
• Neurologic conditions

Question 14

Which benign laryngeal conditions are associated with hoarseness?

Answer 14

• Papillomatosis
• Polyps
• Nodules
• Reinke’s oedema
• Muscle tension dysphonias
• Cysts
• Granulomas
• Vocal cord synechia

Question 15

What are common investigations for laryngeal issues?

Answer 15

• CT/MRI
• FBC
• M/C/S
• Laryngoscopy and biopsy

Question 16

What treatments are available for laryngeal conditions?

Answer 16

• Voice rest
• Speech therapy
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Antacids
• Antibiotics
• Surgery (e.g., direct laryngoscopy and excision)

Question 17

What history details are important to gather in a laryngeal examination?

Answer 17

• Age
• Gender
• Occupation
• Onset, duration, progression
• Aggravating and relieving factors
• Associated symptoms

Question 18

What are the unpaired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?

Answer 18

• Thyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage
• Epiglottis

Question 19

What is hoarseness characterized by?

Answer 19

Altered vocal quality, pitch, volume, or vocal effort.

Question 20

True or False: Hoarseness affects only a specific age group.

Answer 20

False.

Question 21

What are the paired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?

Answer 21

• Arytenoid cartilages
• Corniculate cartilages
• Cuneiform cartilages

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The larynx is a _______ skeleton moved and stabilized by ligaments and muscles.

Answer 22

[cartilaginous]

Question 23

What are the potential causes of hoarseness related to drug history?

Answer 23

• Antihistamines
• Steroid inhalation
• Antipsychotics
• Diuretics

Question 24

What role does the human voice play in communication?

Answer 24

It portrays thoughts, emotions, joys, and fears.