Episode 7 Blood Groups Flashcards
How many different blood group systems are there? How many antigens within these systems?
30 blood group systems
600+ antigens
In what manner are genes for ABO inherited?
Mendelian manner
What is the ABO system based on?
Sugar based, rather than protein based. Based on type of carbs you have in the membrane of your RBCs
What are the four major blood groups?
A, B, AB, O
Group A has what type of antibodies? Group B?
A has Anti-B; B has anti-A. They are antagonistic to each to each other
What antibodies does group AB have? Group O?
AB - NO antibodies; O has both anti-A and anti-B
What antigens does each blood type have?
Each blood group corresponds to the SAME letter antigen as the group name - A has A antigen, B has B antigen, AB has both A and B antigens, and O has NONE
What blood types found in the united states from most to least common?
O+, A+, B+, O-, A-, AB+, B-, AB-
What is the universal recipient? Why?
AB+ has no antibodies
What is the universal donor? Why?
O- has no antigens
Why are you concerned more about the recipients antibodies rather than the donor’s?
There is much more recipient blood already in the their body than the donor amount
Why are you not concerned about donating type O to type AB, if O has both A and B antibodies?
The volume of donated O blood is too diluted in the recipients blood to cause any harm. The recipients blood AB does not have any antibodies so it will not attach type O
How many Rh antigens are out there?
around 50
How many common Rh antigens are there? what are they called?
Five - D, C, c, E, e
Which Rh antigen is most common?
D
Which antigens does an O+ blood type have?
Rh antigen, but no A or B
Which antigen does an A+ person have?
A antigen and Rh antigen
What antigen does O- have? A-?
O- has no antigens
A- only has A antigen, NO Rh antigen
What is a hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by?
Incompatible transfusion due to an antigen-antibody reaction, resulting in severe or fatal intravascular hemolysis
What is a non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Due to damaged blood products, high levels of cytokines, leading to fever and chills, usually benign
What are five common transfusion reactions to avoid?
Hemolytic, Non-hemolytic, Allergic, volume overload, and transfer of bacteria
What can blood volume overload lead to?
Pulmonary edema
What can a transfer of bacteria lead to?
Edotoxemia and septicemia; potentially fatal
What is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)?
Happens when Rh- women are carrying Rh+ babies. However, during birth or miscarriage, placental tearing exposes mother to Rh+ fetal blood. Mother begins to produce anti-Rh agglutinins. If she becomes pregnant again with a second Rh+ positive baby then the baby’s RBC will be attacked by mothers agglutinins and the baby is born with a severe anemia called HDN.
