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Hematology > Episode 1-Intro&Formed Elements > Flashcards

Episode 1-Intro&Formed Elements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the FOUR basic functions of blood?

A

1.Transportation Medium 2.Homeostasis 3.Buffering 4.Temperature Regulation

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2
Q

What percent of body weight is blood?

A

8%

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3
Q

What percent of blood is plasma?

A

55%

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4
Q

What are the 3 components of plasma? (w/ %’s)

A
  1. Proteins (7%) 2.WATER (91%) 3.Other solutes(2%)
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of proteins found in the plasma? (w/ %’s)

A

1.Albumens (58%) 2.Globulins (38%) 3.Fibrinogen(4%)

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6
Q

What are the 5 “other solutes” of the plasma?

A
  1. Ions 2.Nutrients 3.Waste 4.Gas 5.Regulatory substances
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7
Q

What are the 3 components of “formed elements”?

A

1.RBCs 2.WBCs 3.Platelets

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8
Q

What is the buffy coat?

A

Leukocytes AND platelets

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9
Q

What is the SERUM?

A

SERUM=Plasma minus clotting factors

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10
Q

What are the 5 WBCs?!

A

1.Neutrophils (60-70%) 2.Lymphocytes (20-25%) 3.Monocytes (3-8%) 4.Eosinophils(2-4%) 5.Basophils(0.5-1%)

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11
Q

Interesting! What is the normal temperature of blood?

A

38 deg C or 100.4 feg F….a bit WARMER then body temp!

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12
Q

What is the pH range of blood? DON’T get this wrong…

A

7.35-7.45

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13
Q

What is the salinity of blood?

A

0.9% NaCl

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14
Q

What is a low hematocrit? Whats the term?

A

20% RBC, Anemia

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15
Q

What is a high hematocrit? What is the term?

A

60% Poly-cy-themia

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16
Q

What is still the BEST method for definitively evaluating and identifying immature and abnormal cells?

A

A BLOOD SMEAR examined by the trained eye!

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17
Q

Due to the _______ shape of the erythrocytes, their center will look lighter than their periphery.

A

biconcave

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18
Q

In a properly done blood smear, erythrocytes rarely form _______. Instead, they are more or less _______.

A

Clumps/rows…..evenly spaced

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19
Q

Do mature RBCs have a nucleus?

A

HELL NAW!

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the biconcave shape of the RBC?

A

Surface Area

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21
Q

Platelets are not really cells, but rather

FRAGMENTS of ________ that break off in the _______ before entering the peripheral blood.

A

megakaryocytes……bone marrow

22
Q

Main function of platelets is formation of ________, which slow down or stop bleeding (depending upon the severity of injury)

A

platelet plugs

23
Q

Which WBC has a nucleus that is typically divided into 3-5 lobes? What are these lobes connected by?

A

Neutrophils! Their lobes are connected by CHROMATIN

24
Q

Which WBC is easiest to find in a smear?

A

Neutrophil (c/o crazy nucleus and they are the most frequent)

25
Q

What are the three granulocytes?

A

Neutophils, Eosiniophils, Basophils

26
Q

Which WBC is the PRIMARY defense against bacteria and fungi?

A

The Neutrophil…The HALLMARK of acute inflammation :)

27
Q

What is very distinguishable about the eosinophil cytoplasm?

A

FILLED with granules

28
Q

What part of the eosinophil stains with eosin?

A

the granules

29
Q

What is the eosinophil’s main function?

A

defense against parasitic infections

30
Q

Which WBC has 2-3 lobes in its nucleus and is hard to distinguish from a Eosinophil?

A

Basophil

31
Q

Which WBC has a nucleus that MAY appear ‘S’ shaped?

A

Basophil

32
Q

What color do basophil granules usually stain?

A

DEEP bluish or reddish-violet

33
Q

What are two good ways to tell the difference between basophils and eosinophils?

A

1.Nucleus (eosinophils-clear 2 lobes vs basophil 2-3 ambiguous lobes) 2.Granules (basophils not as many as eosinophils)

34
Q

Which RBC mediates inflammatory reactions causing allergy symptoms?

A

Basophils

35
Q

What do we call basophils that migrate to the tissue?

A

MAST cells!

36
Q

What do basophil/mast cells store in their granules?

A

Histamine

37
Q

Which WBC has a ‘C’ shaped or ‘kidney’ shaped?

A

Monocyte

38
Q

What two things about a monocyte nucleus distinguishes it from the rest?

A

IT is NOT LOBED nor ROUND

39
Q

What is the unique item that does not stain in a MONOcyte? What is this PHENOMINON called?

A

The golgi apparatus does not stain…Called “negative image”

40
Q

What do moncytes become once they migrate to the tissue?

A

Macrophages!

41
Q

What is the macrophage main function?

A

KILL intracellular microorganisms (bacteria, fungi)

42
Q

Which WBC is the smallest?

A

Lymphocyte

43
Q

What are the two very distinguishing characteristics of a lymphocyte?

A

Round nucleus and VERY little cytoplasm

44
Q

Can you tell the difference between a T and B lymphocyte microscopically?

A

NOPE! Indistinigushable

45
Q

Which lymphocyte makes the Antibodies?

A

B Lymphocyte

46
Q

What is the T-Helper cell: CD4+ or CD8+?

A

T-helper=CD4+

47
Q

What is the Cytotoxic T-Cell: CD4+ or CD8+?

A

Cytotoxic T Cells= CD8+

48
Q

What is the third type of Lymphocyte that play a major role in rejection of tumors and virus defense?

A

Natural Killer Cells (NK cells)

49
Q

What proteins do NK cells release in their granules?

A

Perforin and Granzyme…KILL the target cell!

50
Q

Which WBC has 2 definite lobes?

A

Eosinophils

Hematology (8 decks)

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