Episode 1-Intro&Formed Elements

Question 1

What are the FOUR basic functions of blood?

Answer 1

1.Transportation Medium 2.Homeostasis 3.Buffering 4.Temperature Regulation

Question 2

What percent of body weight is blood?

Answer 2

8%

Question 3

What percent of blood is plasma?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

What are the 3 components of plasma? (w/ %’s)

Answer 4

1. Proteins (7%) 2.WATER (91%) 3.Other solutes(2%)

Question 5

What are the 3 types of proteins found in the plasma? (w/ %’s)

Answer 5

1.Albumens (58%) 2.Globulins (38%) 3.Fibrinogen(4%)

Question 6

What are the 5 “other solutes” of the plasma?

Answer 6

1. Ions 2.Nutrients 3.Waste 4.Gas 5.Regulatory substances

Question 7

What are the 3 components of “formed elements”?

Answer 7

1.RBCs 2.WBCs 3.Platelets

Question 8

What is the buffy coat?

Answer 8

Leukocytes AND platelets

Question 9

What is the SERUM?

Answer 9

SERUM=Plasma minus clotting factors

Question 10

What are the 5 WBCs?!

Answer 10

1.Neutrophils (60-70%) 2.Lymphocytes (20-25%) 3.Monocytes (3-8%) 4.Eosinophils(2-4%) 5.Basophils(0.5-1%)

Question 11

Interesting! What is the normal temperature of blood?

Answer 11

38 deg C or 100.4 feg F….a bit WARMER then body temp!

Question 12

What is the pH range of blood? DON’T get this wrong…

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

What is the salinity of blood?

Answer 13

0.9% NaCl

Question 14

What is a low hematocrit? Whats the term?

Answer 14

20% RBC, Anemia

Question 15

What is a high hematocrit? What is the term?

Answer 15

60% Poly-cy-themia

Question 16

What is still the BEST method for definitively evaluating and identifying immature and abnormal cells?

Answer 16

A BLOOD SMEAR examined by the trained eye!

Question 17

Due to the _______ shape of the erythrocytes, their center will look lighter than their periphery.

Answer 17

biconcave

Question 18

In a properly done blood smear, erythrocytes rarely form _______. Instead, they are more or less _______.

Answer 18

Clumps/rows…..evenly spaced

Question 19

Do mature RBCs have a nucleus?

Answer 19

HELL NAW!

Question 20

What is the purpose of the biconcave shape of the RBC?

Answer 20

Surface Area

Question 21

Platelets are not really cells, but rather

FRAGMENTS of ________ that break off in the _______ before entering the peripheral blood.

Answer 21

megakaryocytes……bone marrow

Question 22

Main function of platelets is formation of ________, which slow down or stop bleeding (depending upon the severity of injury)

Answer 22

platelet plugs

Question 23

Which WBC has a nucleus that is typically divided into 3-5 lobes? What are these lobes connected by?

Answer 23

Neutrophils! Their lobes are connected by CHROMATIN

Question 24

Which WBC is easiest to find in a smear?

Answer 24

Neutrophil (c/o crazy nucleus and they are the most frequent)

Question 25

What are the three granulocytes?

Answer 25

Neutophils, Eosiniophils, Basophils

Question 26

Which WBC is the PRIMARY defense against bacteria and fungi?

Answer 26

The Neutrophil...The HALLMARK of acute inflammation :)

Question 27

What is very distinguishable about the eosinophil cytoplasm?

Answer 27

FILLED with granules

Question 28

What part of the eosinophil stains with eosin?

Answer 28

the granules

Question 29

What is the eosinophil's main function?

Answer 29

defense against parasitic infections

Question 30

Which WBC has 2-3 lobes in its nucleus and is hard to distinguish from a Eosinophil?

Answer 30

Basophil

Question 31

Which WBC has a nucleus that MAY appear 'S' shaped?

Answer 31

Basophil

Question 32

What color do basophil granules usually stain?

Answer 32

DEEP bluish or reddish-violet

Question 33

What are two good ways to tell the difference between basophils and eosinophils?

Answer 33

1.Nucleus (eosinophils-clear 2 lobes vs basophil 2-3 ambiguous lobes) 2.Granules (basophils not as many as eosinophils)

Question 34

Which RBC mediates inflammatory reactions causing allergy symptoms?

Answer 34

Basophils

Question 35

What do we call basophils that migrate to the tissue?

Answer 35

MAST cells!

Question 36

What do basophil/mast cells store in their granules?

Answer 36

Histamine

Question 37

Which WBC has a 'C' shaped or 'kidney' shaped?

Answer 37

Monocyte

Question 38

What two things about a monocyte nucleus distinguishes it from the rest?

Answer 38

IT is NOT LOBED nor ROUND

Question 39

What is the unique item that does not stain in a MONOcyte? What is this PHENOMINON called?

Answer 39

The golgi apparatus does not stain...Called "negative image"

Question 40

What do moncytes become once they migrate to the tissue?

Answer 40

Macrophages!

Question 41

What is the macrophage main function?

Answer 41

KILL intracellular microorganisms (bacteria, fungi)

Question 42

Which WBC is the smallest?

Answer 42

Lymphocyte

Question 43

What are the two very distinguishing characteristics of a lymphocyte?

Answer 43

Round nucleus and VERY little cytoplasm

Question 44

Can you tell the difference between a T and B lymphocyte microscopically?

Answer 44

NOPE! Indistinigushable

Question 45

Which lymphocyte makes the Antibodies?

Answer 45

B Lymphocyte

Question 46

What is the T-Helper cell: CD4+ or CD8+?

Answer 46

T-helper=CD4+

Question 47

What is the Cytotoxic T-Cell: CD4+ or CD8+?

Answer 47

Cytotoxic T Cells= CD8+

Question 48

What is the third type of Lymphocyte that play a major role in rejection of tumors and virus defense?

Answer 48

Natural Killer Cells (NK cells)

Question 49

What proteins do NK cells release in their granules?

Answer 49

Perforin and Granzyme...KILL the target cell!

Question 50

Which WBC has 2 definite lobes?

Answer 50

Eosinophils