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Neuro > Epileptic seizures diagnostic approach and classification > Flashcards

Epileptic seizures diagnostic approach and classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a seizure?

A

Transient and involuntary change in behaviour or neurologucal status due to he abnormal activity of populations of CNS neurons

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2
Q

What does hypersycnchronous mean?

A

All neurons firing at the same time

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3
Q

what is the definition of epilepsy?

A

2 or more seizures 48 hrs apart

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4
Q

How long (generally) does a seizure need to go on before you can see brain pathology?

A

30 minutes

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5
Q

How long does a seizure have to go on for before you decide that the brain probably can’t stop that seizure itself?

A

About 10 mins. Needs intervention

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6
Q

What is the definition of cluster seizuring?

A

2 or more seizures in 24 hours

More difficult to treat

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7
Q

What are the 4 parts/stages of seizuring?

A

prodrome

Aura

Ictus

Post-ictal

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8
Q

What is prodrome?

A

Behaviour changes that occur hours or days before the seizure

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9
Q

What is aura?

A

Sensory experience pre sensory/focal onset seizures e.g. perceived smell or eeling of deja vu. dif to proove in animals

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10
Q

What is post ictal?

A

Neurological status alterations hours or days after the seizure

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11
Q

What is ictus?

A

The seizure event itself

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12
Q

What are the three general classifications of seizures?

A

Self-limiting

Clustered or continuous

Reflexive

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13
Q

Self limiting and continuous/clustered can both be generalised or focal

A

:)

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14
Q

What are reflexive seizures?

A

Seizures which have a precipitating stimulus

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15
Q

What is syncope?

A

NOT the same as a seizure

Partial or complete loss of consciousness

Lack of motor activit

No post-ictal signs

Short duration

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16
Q

What things commonly stimulae narcolepsy?

A

Excitement, food, pharmacology

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17
Q

What 4 things can mimic epilepsy but are not?

A

Syncope, narcolepsy, pain, bestibular syndrome

18
Q

What are clonic movements?

A

Rhythmic muscle contractions

19
Q

How long do seizures normally last?

A

Around 1 min

20
Q

Do most recurrent seizures respond to anti epilepic drugs?

A

yars

21
Q

What are the four classifications of epilepsy by aetiology?

A

Symptomatic or secondary seizure

Reactive seizure

Idiopathic/primary epilepsy

Possible symptomatic/cryptogenic epilepsy

22
Q

What is the cause of symptomatic/secondary seizure?

A

Structural brain lesion

23
Q

What is the cause of reactive seizures?

A

Metabolic or toxic

24
Q

What is the cause of idiopathic/primary epilepsy seizures?

A

Unknown, probably genetic

25
Q

What age of dogs generally present with epilepsy?

A

6 months to 6 years

26
Q

beagles, GSDs, labradors, Golden retrievers often get **** seizures

A

generalised

27
Q

Viszlas, springer spaniels, standard poodles often get ****** seizures

A

Focal seizures with or without generalization

28
Q

Which breed of foals often gets congential seizures which they then grow out of?

A

Arabs

29
Q

What are the main causes of seizures in adult horses?

A

Strucural or metabolic brain disease

Migrating parasite/previous trauma

Intra-carotid injection! Iatrogenic

30
Q

What age group might you be more suspicious of metabolic cause e.g. PSS, hypoglycaemia, or infectious disease?

A

Less than 6 months

31
Q

Which age group might you suspect idiopathic epilepsy, inflammatory/infectious?

A

6 months to 6 years

32
Q

Which age group might you be most suspicious of neoplasia as a cause for seizures?

A

Ovver 6 years

33
Q

The disease onset and progression can give you clues as to the atiology

A

h

34
Q

lateralising signs in the neuro exam is mroe likely to be intracranial or extracranial cause?

A

Intra cranial

35
Q

If there are symmetrical abnormalities on the neuro exam it is likely to be..

A

Something affecting the brain as a whole eg Toxic, metabolic, some infectious causes

Hydrocephalus

36
Q

If you have a normal neuro exam you might suspect..

A

Idiopathic epilepsy

Could be wax/wane metabolic disease

37
Q

The following conditions would probably give you symmetrical-generalised onset or assymetical-focal onset?

Idiopathic epilepsy

Metabolic

Toxic

Degenerative

Hydrocephalus

Trauma

Midline structural problems

A

Symeetrical-generalised onset as affect whole brain

38
Q

The following conditions would probably give you symmetrical-generalised onset or assymetical-focal onset?

Inflammatory/infectious

Neoplasia

Anomalies

Trauma

Cryptogenic and idiopathic

A

Assymetrical focal seizure

39
Q

What tests would you want to do in a patient that you suspect has an extra cranial cause for its epilepsy?

A

CBC

Biochem

Possibly ammonia

Resting bile acids

Urinalysis

Blood pressure in mature animals

40
Q

How would you work up a suspected intracranial case?

A

Advanced brain imaging

CSF tap to look at WBCs, protein content

Possibly positive brain imaging for infectious agents

Neuro (13 decks)

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