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neuro2 > Epilepsy drugs > Flashcards

Epilepsy drugs Flashcards

1
Q

carbamazepine moa

A

decrease Na channel activity

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2
Q

clonazepam moa

A

GABA allosteric agonist

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3
Q

Ethosuximide moa

A

block T-type Ca2+ channel activation

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4
Q

Felbamate moa

A

block NMDA; increase GABA activation

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5
Q

gabapentine moa

A

blocks alpha 2 delta-1 subunit of Ca2+ channels

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6
Q

lacosaide moa

A

decrease Na channel activity

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7
Q

lamotrigine moa

A

decrease Na channel activity

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8
Q

levetiracetam moa

A

unknown

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9
Q

oxcarbaxepine moa

A

decrease Na channel activity; possibly increase K+ channel and decrease Ca2+ channel effects

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10
Q

phenytoin moa

A

decrease Na channel activity

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11
Q

pregabalin moa

A

blocks alpha-2 delta-1 subunit of Ca2+ channels

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12
Q

topiramate moa

A

decrease na channel activity, increase K+ current, increase GABA; decrease glutamate activity

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13
Q

valproate moa

A

increase GABA activity, decrease Na channels

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14
Q

zonisamide moa

A

decrease na and decrease T-type Ca2+ actions

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15
Q

AEDs with significant protein binding

A

phenytoin and valproate

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16
Q

AED eliminated in the stool

A

phenytoin

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17
Q

AEDs without CYP interactions

A

pregabalin, topiramate, levetiracetam, gabapentine

18
Q

require routine monitoring of drug levels

A

carbamazepine, ethosuximide, gabapentin, phenytoin, valproate

19
Q

topiramate/zonisamide issues

A

weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, decreasing renal bicarbonate loss and promoting stone formation by reducing urinary citrate excretion and increasing urinary pH; leads to metabolic acidosis

20
Q

abrupt termination of AEDs

A

can precipitate status epileptics, increase frequency or seizures and various neurologic issues

21
Q

phenytoin pharm

A

zero order elimination; protein binding displacement and CYP mediated drug-drug interactions

22
Q

fosphenytoin

A

pro-drug dosed in phenytoin equivalents

23
Q

phenytoin adverse effects

A

CNS: nystagmus most common, ataxia incoordination
gingival hyperplasia
dermatologic effects (rare) - hypertrichosis or hirsutism
hematologic changes (uncommon)

24
Q

carbamazepine adverse effects

A

hematologic changes: BBB for agranulocytosis
CNS: esp. during initial treatment phase, dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, blurred vision, and sedation
derm effects: rare, range from rash to SJS, TEN, DRESS

25
Q

valproic acid adverse effects

A

CNS: somnolence, dizziness, paresthesias, asthenia - related to infusion rate
Heme: thrombocytopenia and prolonged bleeding time
Derm: range from rash to SJS, TEN, and DRESS
hepatotoxicity (rare, but can occur in children)

26
Q

felbamate BBW

A

aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, hepatic disease

27
Q

lamotrigine BBW

A

serious rash (TEN/SJS)

28
Q

category X drug

A

valproate

29
Q

category C drug

A

lamotrigine

30
Q

category D drugs

A

carbamazepine, phenytoin, topiramate, phenobarbital

31
Q

drugs for partial generalized seizures

A

lamotrigine, carbamazepine, levetiracetam, oxcarbaxepine

32
Q

drugs for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures

A

valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam

33
Q

drugs for absence seizures

A

ethosuzimide and valproate

34
Q

drugs for atypical absence myoclonic atonic seizures

A

valproate, lamotrigine, levatiracetam

35
Q

initial drug type given in status epilepticus

A

benzodiazepine (lorazepam)

36
Q

benzodiazepine moa

A

shift the dose response curve for GABA to the

37
Q

barbiturate moa

A

prolong opening time of Cl- channel

38
Q

susceptible to SJS with AED use

A

asians with HLA-B *1502 allele

39
Q

AEDs with blood toxicities

A

carbemazepine, felbamate, and valproate

40
Q

cyp induction

A

carbamazepine, felbamate, oxcarbaxepine, phenytoin

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