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Pharm Unit 5 > Epilepsy and AEDS > Flashcards

Epilepsy and AEDS Flashcards

1
Q

epilepsy

A

recurrent seizures caused by disturbance of neuronal activity in brain
repetitive firing of action potentials, may lead to motor convulsions

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2
Q

seizure

A

abnormal electrical discharge of brain neurons
alteration of behavior and motor
possible impairment, loss of conscious, muscle twitch/convulsion

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3
Q

convulsion

A

involuntary contraction/spasm of voluntary muscle

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4
Q

EEG (electroencephalogram-diagnostic tool)

A

records electrical activity of brain

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5
Q

possible causes of seizures

A

hypoxia, meningitis, fever, head injury, brain tumor, genetics, emotional stress, hypoglycemia, birth defects, drugs

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6
Q

types of epilepsy

A

generalized seizures

partial seizures

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7
Q

generalized seizure

A

involves both hemispheres of brain

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8
Q

partial seizure

A

specific area of brain but may spread and become generalized

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9
Q

types of generalized seizures

A

gran mal/tonic-clonic
myoclonic
atonic
petit mal/absence

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10
Q

gran mal/tonic-clonic seizures

A

aura precedes seizure, loss of consciousness, increase in BP and HR, may urinate/deficate self, may bite tongue, may last several minutes

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11
Q

tonic convulsions

A

stiff, tense, rigid

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12
Q

clonic convulsions

A

spasms with rigidity and relaxation alternating rapidly

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13
Q

status epilepticus

A

series of grand mal seizures without cessation (medical emergency)
can lead to brain damage and death

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14
Q

drug of choice for status epilepticus

A

IV diazepam (VALIUM®) or IV lorazepam (Ativan®)

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15
Q

myoclonic seizures

A

muscle contractions, brief, one part of body affected, may spread to other parts

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16
Q

atonic seizures

A

loss of muscle tone, usually results in a fall

17
Q

petit mal/absence seizures

A

no aura, brief impairment of consciousness/cloudy memory, staring/rapid blinking, lasts few seconds to a minute

18
Q

signs of an aura

A

nausea, odor, visual disturbances/floaters, numbness, dizziness/tingling

19
Q

types of partial seizures

A

simple and complex

20
Q

simple partial seizures

A

sensory or motor, muscle twitching, limited area of brain, brief, no loss of consciousness

21
Q

complex partial/psychmotor seizures

A

loss of consciousness, bizarre/purposeless movements, no memory of seizure, several parts of body, can lead to tonic-clonic

22
Q

complex partial/psychmotor seizures

A

loss of consciousness, bizarre/purposeless movements, no memory of seizure, several parts of body, can lead to tonic-clonic

23
Q

antiepileptics

A

prevent/reduce occurrence and severity of seizures by decreasing excitability of brain cells
usually given orally

24
Q

anticonvulsants

A

stop convulsive seizures, produces sedation

usually IM or IV

25
Q

drug classifications to treat epilepsy

A

barbiturates
hydantoins
benzodiazepines
miscellaneous

26
Q

MOA of barbiturates

A

increase inhibitory effects of GABA, suppress neuronal excitability

27
Q

pt teaching/ SE of barbiturates

A

sedation, dizziness, rash, N/V, do not abruptly stop

28
Q

MOA of hydantoins

A

prolong inactivation period of sodium channels, decrease hyper excitability and rapid firing action potentials

29
Q

what do all hydrantoin drugs end in

A

toin

30
Q

pt teaching/SE of hydantoins

A

thrombocytopenia, anemia, arrhythmias, lupus, gingival hyperplasia- encourage good dental hygiene

31
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A

increase inhibitory affects of GABA

32
Q

pt teaching of benzodiazepines

A

sedation, monitor for dependance (controlled substance), ability to operate a vehicle may be impaired

33
Q

what do all benzodiazepines end in

A

pam or lam

34
Q

MOA of most miscellaneous AED

A

block GABA
inhibit calcium channles
inhibit rapid firing of neurons

35
Q

safety meausres with AEDs

A

do not stop abruptly
3 month without seizure and meds before driving
service dog/medical alert bracelet

36
Q

what to do in event of seizure

A

assist to floor, clear surrondings, do not restrain, provide cushioning, seek medial assistance

37
Q

uses for AEDs

A

seizures, sedation, mental health, migraines, neuromuscular injury

Pharm Unit 5 (6 decks)

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