Epilepsy Flashcards
(26 cards)
Which AED has the worst risk of fetal harm? A.) Valproic Acid B.) Phenobarbital C.) Carbamazepine D.) Ethosuximide
A.) valproic acid
What test is used to diagnose epilepsy? A.) ECG B.) EKG C.) CT D.) EEG
D.) EEG
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test used to evaluate the electrical activity in the brain
Which antibiotics can lower seizure threshold? Select all that apply? A.) Penicillin B.) Carbapenems C.) Quinolones D.) Macrolides
A, B, C
Hyperammonemia is a side effect associated with which AEDs? (Select all) A.) Lamotrigine B.) Valproic acid C.) Topiramate D.) Oxcarbazepine
B, C
Which supplements must be given with all AEDs? A.) Folate B.) Calcium C.) Zinc D.) Vitamin D
B, D
All AEDs can cause bone loss and lead to fractures especially in the elderly therefore, patients taking AEDs should be taking calcium and vitamin D.
Which drug is a T-Type Ca++ channel blocker? A.) Keppra B.) Depakene C.) Tegretol D.) Zarontin
D.) Zarontin (ethosuximide)
Most of AEDs block the sodium channels as a general rule.
Which electrolyte much be monitored carefully with oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)/carbazepine (Tegretal)?
A.) Potassium
B.) Calcium
C.) Magnesium
D.) Sodium
D (sodium)
A patient is concurrently talking lamictal and valproic acid, which color lamictal dosing kit must be dispensed?
A.) Blue
B.) Green
C.) Red
D.) Orange
A (Blue)
Standard Lamictal kit comes in what color?
A.) Red
B.) Blue
C.) Orange
D.) Green
C (Orange)
Which drugs can cause metabolic acidosis, oligohidrosis, nehprolithiasis? (select all that apply) A.) Topiramate B.) Gabapentin C.) Zonisamide (Zonegran) D.) Phenobarbital
A, C
A patient is taking Depakote to manage SE, which is causing her to lose her hair, which supplement should you recommend?
A.) Calcium
B.) Zinc
C.) Folate
D.) Selenium
B, D
Zinc
Selenium
Patient has a total phenytoin level of 13 mcg/mL, Labs: Scr: 1.1, alb 3.1. Calculate the correct phenytoin? (nearest tenth)?
A.) 15.4 mcg/mL
B.) 19.2 mcg/mL
C.) 18.1 mcg/mL
D.) 12.5 mcg/mL
C
A child is taking topiramate for SE? What should the pharmD counsel the parents on? (Select all)
A.) Stay hydrated
B.) Risk of hyperthermia
C.) Concentration problems in school
D.) Alopecia
A, B, C
Topiramate is a AED that comes with a lot of warnings which are especially NECESSARY to counsel the parents of the patients.
No sweating (oligohidrosis) Risk of hyperthermia Make sure to stay hydrated Concentration problems in school Loss of appetite/weight loss
Therapeutic range for phenytoin?
A.) 20-40 mcg/mL
B.) 5-10 mcg/mL
C.) 4-12 mcg/mL
D.) 10-20 mcg/ml
D (10-20 mcg/ml)
Management of symptomatic hyprammonemia patient who is currently taking valproic acid?
A.) Atropine
B.) Carnitine
C.) IV fluids
D.) Dopamine
B (Carnitine)
Dose related toxicity associated with phenytoin?
Select all
A.) CV (Bradycardia, Hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias)
B.) GI (Nausea/vommiting)
C.) Neuro (Nystagmus, ataxia, blurred vision)
D.) Hepatotoxicity
D (Hepatotoxicity is a NOT a side effect associated with phenytoin)
A 10 yoa child with seizures is seen by his dentist. Patient has overgrowth of gum tissue. What drug is he taking?
A.) clonazepam
B.) zonisamide
C.) phenytoin
D.) ethosuximide
C (phenytoin)
The metabolism of which AED frequently displays zero-order kinetics following moderate to high therapeutic doses?
A.) Phenytoin
B.) Carbamazepine
C.) Phenobarbital
D.) Valproic acid
A.) Phenytoin
Sodium Channel Blocking antiepileptic agents include, all EXCEPT?
A.) Topiramate
B.) Valproic Acid
C.) Phenytoin
D.) Carbamazepine
B.) Valproic acid increased GABA.
The most serious adverse effect associated with valproic acid is:
A.) Dementia
B.) Hepatic Failure
C.) Glaucoma
D.) Mood disorder
B (hepatic failure)
Which of the following toxic side effect is related to use of topiramate?
A.) Aplastic anemia
B.) Nephrolithiasis
C.) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
D.) Hepatotoxicity
B (nephrolithiasis -kidney stones)
Excitatory neurons release the neurotransmitter _____________, while inhibitory neurons release the neurotransmitter ___?
A.) Norepinephrine, GABA
B.) Glutamate, GABA
C.) GABA, glutamate
D.) Dopamine, glutamate
B
Glutamate (excitatory)
GABA (inhibition)
Patients who are at MOST risk for seizures. Select all that apply?
A.) A 58-year-old experiencing ETOH withdrawal.
B.) A 16-year-old with bacterial meningitis.
C.) A 72-year-old who is post opt day 5 from open heart surgery.
D.) A 32-year-old with a blood glucose of 20 mg/dL
A, B, D
A patient with a history of epilepsy is taking Phenytoin. Morning labs are back, Phenytoin level of 7 mcg/mL?
A.) Assess the patient for a rash
B.) Hold the next dose of Phenytoin
C.) Initiate seizure precautions
D.) Continue to monitor the patient
C.)
