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Systemic Exam 3 > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

How long does “tonic” last in tonic-clonic seizures

A

10-20 secs

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2
Q

How long does “tonic” last in tonic-clonic seizures

A

10-20 secs

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3
Q

How long does “clonic” last in tonic-clonic seizures

A

30 - 90 secs

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4
Q

What happens in “clonic” of Grand Mal seizures?

A

Everything loosens up. Stop seizing, lose bladder/bowel control. Chomping and foaming

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5
Q

3 stages of grand mal seizures?

A

Tonic, clonic, post ictal paresis (Todd’s paralysis)
Todd’s Paralysis is where parietal hemiparesis/weakness. It can affect speech and eye movements with no lasting changes and can last for hours)

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6
Q

What’s Todd’s paralysis?

A

Comes after Tonic-Clonic seizures. Get hemiparesis/weakness, Speech and eye movement issues with no lasting changes. May last hours

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7
Q

What’s status epilepticus

A

Seizure lasting > 30 mins. Can be on and off or straight. If on and off, no consciousness between.

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8
Q

When should you seek treatment for status epilepticus?

A

If >5mins
If 2 seizures with no consciousness betwee
Prevent brain damage!

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9
Q

How long does absence seizure last?

A

5 - 10 seconds

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10
Q

What’s the most common type of seizure

A

Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness

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11
Q

What’re the general seizures?

A 
Tonic-Clonic
Status epilepticus
Absence
Tonic 
Clonic
Myoclonoic
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12
Q

Where are focal seizures usually and why?

A

Temporal lobe. Where amygdala is. Emotional changes

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13
Q

Where are sites of focal seizures without impairment of consciousness?

A

Occiptal - Aura

Motor - Jacksonian march

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14
Q

How long does a focal seizure with impairment of consciousness last?

A
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15
Q

Signs of focal seizure with impairment of consciousness?

A

Stare off into distance without responding to you. Might do automatisms (Smacking lips/chewing, snapping and repeating words)
Differentiate absence because lasts longer

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16
Q

Tests for seizures

A

EEG only funky when during seizure. Can’t rule out if normal
MRI unremarkable
Lab test for toxins and electrolytes

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17
Q

NT causes of seizure?

A

Increase Glutamate
Decrease in GABA
Na/K pump out of whack

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18
Q

Broad spectrum AEDs?

A

Valproate, Topamax, Lamotrigine

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19
Q

Absence AEDs?

A

Ethosuximide

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20
Q

Drug of choice for general seizures?

21
Q

Drug of choice for focal seizures?

A

Lamotrigine

22
Q

Side effects of AEDs?

A

Myopic shift and angle closure (Topamax only), N&V, rash, dyscrasia, decrease efficacy warfarin, birth control, antidepressants

23
Q

General epilepsy treatment plan?

A

AEDs
Surgically remove focal areas
Vagus nerve stimulation
Neuropace

24
Q

Prognosis?

A

Expected full lifespan

Kids 3-4x more likely to die though

25
Q

What’s SUDEp?

A

Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Death not related to epilepsy related injury

26
Q

How long does “clonic” last in tonic-clonic seizures

A

30 - 90 secs

27
Q

What happens in “clonic” of Grand Mal seizures?

A

Everything loosens up. Stop seizing, lose bladder/bowel control. Chomping and foaming

28
Q

3 stages of grand mal seizures?

A

Tonic, clonic, post ictal paresis (Todd’s paralysis)
Todd’s Paralysis is where parietal hemiparesis/weakness. It can affect speech and eye movements with no lasting changes and can last for hours)

29
Q

What’s Todd’s paralysis?

A

Comes after Tonic-Clonic seizures. Get hemiparesis/weakness, Speech and eye movement issues with no lasting changes. May last hours

30
Q

What’s status epilepticus

A

Seizure lasting > 30 mins. Can be on and off or straight. If on and off, no consciousness between.

31
Q

When should you seek treatment for status epilepticus?

A

If >5mins
If 2 seizures with no consciousness betwee
Prevent brain damage!

32
Q

How long does absence seizure last?

A

5 - 10 seconds

33
Q

What’s the most common type of seizure

A

Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness

34
Q

What’re the general seizures?

A 
Tonic-Clonic
Status epilepticus
Absence
Tonic 
Clonic
Myoclonoic
35
Q

Where are focal seizures usually and why?

A

Temporal lobe. Where amygdala is. Emotional changes

36
Q

Where are sites of focal seizures without impairment of consciousness?

A

Occiptal - Aura

Motor - Jacksonian march

37
Q

How long does a focal seizure with impairment of consciousness last?

A

Less than 3 mins

38
Q

Signs of focal seizure with impairment of consciousness?

A

Stare off into distance without responding to you. Might do automatisms (Smacking lips/chewing, snapping and repeating words)
Differentiate absence because lasts longer

39
Q

Tests for seizures

A

EEG only funky when during seizure. Can’t rule out if normal
MRI unremarkable
Lab test for toxins and electrolytes

40
Q

NT causes of seizure?

A

Increase Glutamate
Decrease in GABA
Na/K pump out of whack

41
Q

Broad spectrum AEDs?

A

Valproate, Topamax, Lamotrigine

42
Q

Absence AEDs?

A

Ethosuximide

43
Q

Drug of choice for general seizures?

44
Q

Drug of choice for focal seizures?

A

Lamotrigine

45
Q

Side effects of AEDs?

A

Myopic shift and angle closure (Topamax only), N&V, rash, dyscrasia, decrease efficacy warfarin, birth control, antidepressants

46
Q

General epilepsy treatment plan?

A

AEDs
Surgically remove focal areas
Vagus nerve stimulation
Neuropace

47
Q

Prognosis?

A

Expected full lifespan

Kids 3-4x more likely to die though

48
Q

What’s SUDEp?

A

Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Death not related to epilepsy related injury

Systemic Exam 3 (7 decks)

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