CNS disorders

Question 1

Cognitive processing and functioning disorders of dementia (6)

Answer 1

Learning and memory 
Complex attention (multitasking)
Language
Executive function
Perceptual motor function
Social cognition (Disengaged socially)

Question 2

Most common dementia

Answer 2

Alzheimer’s dementia

Question 3

Types of dementia (5)

Answer 3

Alzheimer’s, Vascular, Lewy body, Frontotemporal, Parkinson’s + dementia

Question 4

Types of reversible dementia

Answer 4

Alcoholism/b12 deficiency, Hypothyroidism, Sedative drug Sfx

Question 5

Gender predilection for Alzheimers

Answer 5

Males

Question 6

Risk factors for dementia(6)

Answer 6

Age #1
Male
Social, mental, physical activity 
Head trauma = stroke
Vascular risk factors
Depression

Question 7

Signs of Dementia

Answer 7

Lose insight and sleep
Seizures
Olfactory changes
Open angle Glaucoma

Question 8

Open angle glaucoma is a sign of what CNS disorder?

Answer 8

Alzheimer’s

Question 9

Which beta amyloid increases risk of alzheimers?

Answer 9

Beta amyloid 42

Fibrillogenic precursor. Large chunks

Question 10

Genetics for early onset alzheimer’s

Answer 10

PSEN 1 most common
     Increase beta amyloid accumulation
PSEN 2 
     Increase apoptosis
Increased APP

Question 11

Which Apolipoprotein E genes are needed by the brain and why

Answer 11

APOE2 and APOE3
Remove beta amyloids
Repair and protect neurons
Cholesterol homeostasis

Question 12

What is APOE4 involved in

Answer 12

Late stage Alzheimers
Increases tangles by messing with microtubules in beta amyloid
Associated with vascular dz
Decreases cholineacetyltransferase (CAT) in hippocampus. ACh not made as much

Question 13

Genetics of late stage Alzheimers?

Answer 13

APOE4, Tau proteins

Question 14

How do you diagnose Alzheimers?

Answer 14

Mini mental stage examination (MMSE)
MiniCog
Physical exam 
Lab tests - thyroid, b12/folate
Neuro imaging = hippocampul atrophy

Question 15

What do you notice in an MRI of person with Alzheimer’s

Answer 15

Hippocampal and visual cortex atrophy

Question 16

Prognosis alzheimers

Answer 16

10 years from diagnosis to death

Question 17

Common reason for death from Alzheimer’s

Answer 17

Aspiration penumonia

Question 18

Drug treatment Alzheimer’s

Answer 18

AChE inhibitors (-"mine")
NMDA receptor antagonist(-"dine")

Question 19

Visual variant alzheimers involves what agnosias?

Answer 19

Visual agnosia, Simultagnosia, Prosopagnosia, also possible hemispatial neglect

Question 20

What part of brain affected in VVAD?

Answer 20

Occipital parietal and temporal lobes