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Neurology > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

A continuous state of seizures without regaining consciousness in between

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2
Q

What are the causes of seizures?

A 
Vascular - Stroke
Infection - meningitis
Neoplasia - Brain tumor
Drugs - cocaine
Iatrogenic - antidepressants
Congenital - FHx
Autoimmune - Vasculitis
Trauma - head trauma
Endocrine/metabolic - hypoglycaemia, fever
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3
Q

What are the two classifications of seizure?

A

Focal

General

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4
Q

What are the types of focal seizures?(3)

A

Simple
Complex
Focal then secondary generalised

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5
Q

What is the defining feature of simple focal simple seizures?

A

No impaired consciousness

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6
Q

What are the subgroups of generalised seizures? (5)

A 
tonic- clonic
Tonic
Myoclonic
Abscence
Atonic
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7
Q

What are the three phases of a seizure?

A

Pre-ictal
Ictal
Post-Ictal

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for seizure? (7)

A 
Head injury
Febrile seizures as child
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Stroke
Alcohol Abuse
FHx
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9
Q

Name some triggers for a seizure (7)

A 
Sleep deprivation
stress
alk withdrawal
Rec. drugs
Flashing ligts
Pregnancy
Infection
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10
Q

What would you like to know about the ictal phase of a seizure? (6)

A 
where
duration
LOC
Tongue biting
Urinary incontinence
cyanosis
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11
Q

What is todd’s paresis?

A

weakness following a seizure

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12
Q

What would be in your differential in a patient with an apparent seizure?

A 
Pseudoseizure 
Complicated migraine
Cardopedal spasm from hyperventalism
Syncopal episode:
- Arrythmia
- Vasovagal
- Postural Hypotension
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13
Q

What investigations wold you do on a patient following a seizure?

A 
Rule out secondary causes 
Seizure Signs:
- Low O2
- acidosis
- High creatine Kinase

U+Es
ECG
CT head

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14
Q

What are the principles of management in epilepsy?

A

Reduce seizures
improve QOL
imnimise side effects of drugs
Use fewest drugs at lowest doses

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15
Q

What is carbamazepine, how does it work and whats its side effects?

A

Anti-epileptic drug
Blocks NA channels
Sedation
Tremor

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16
Q

Name 3 anti-epileptic drugs

A

Sodium Valproate
Carbamazeprine
Phenytoin

17
Q

Which anti-epileptic drugs would be used in focal seizure epilepsy?

A

Carbamazepine

Sodium Valproate

18
Q

What Anti-pepilectic medication would be used in Generalised seizures?

A

Sodium Valproate

19
Q

What anti-epileptic medication would be used in neurology patients as prophylaxis?

A

Phenytoin

20
Q

How should you deal with an acute seizure?

A

DRABC
check BP and BM
give Diazepam IV or Buccal

21
Q

What is the protocol for status epilepticus?

A 
DRABC 
Buccal Midazolam
IV access - Lorazepam
After 10 mins - IV/IO phenytoin
Call anesthetist
22
Q

What are the complications of an acute seizure? (5)

A 
hypoxia
cerebral oedema
aspiration pneumonitis
hypertension
Trauma

Neurology (14 decks)

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