Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main types of seizures seen in adults?

A

Generalised tonic clonic
Partial
Myoclonic
Tonic
Atonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main types of seizures seen in children?

A

Absence seizures
Infantile
Febrile convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain what tonic clonic seizures are like?

A

Tonic - muscle tensing
Clonic - muscle jerking
Loss of consciousness
Might have aura pre seizure
During seizure - tongue biting, incontinence, groaning, irregular breathing
Post-ictal period - confusion, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which partial seizures does the patient remain aware?

A

Simple partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In which partial seizures do pts not have awareness?

A

Complex partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are partial seizures also known as?

A

focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which lobe do partial seizures usually occur in?

A

Temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some of the symptoms in partial seizures?

A

Remain awake
Deja vu
Strange sensations
Unusual emotions
Abnormal behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are features of myoclonic seizures?

A

Sudden brief muscle contractions
Remain awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do atonic seizures involve?

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone often resulting in a fall
Last briefly
Usually aware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are infantile spasms also known as?

A

West syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What age do infantile spasms start?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the characteristic EEG finding in infantile spasms?

A

HypsarrythmiaWhat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is treatment of infantile spasms?

A

ACTH
Vigabatrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What age to febrile convulsions tend to occur?

A

6 months - 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of seizure are febrile convulsions?

A

Tonic clonic seizures

17
Q

What investigations would you do?

A

EEG
MRI head for structural pathology
ECG
Electrolytes
Glucose
Sepsis investigations

18
Q

How long does someone need to be seizure free before they can drive?

A

one year

19
Q

Give the treatment of men and women who can’t have children for generalised tonic clonic seizures?

A

Sodium valproate

20
Q

Give the treatment of men and women who can’t have children for partial seizures?

A

Lamotrigine or levetiracetam

21
Q

Give the treatment of men and women who can’t have children for myoclonic seizures?

A

Sodium valproate

22
Q

Give the treatment of men and women who can’t have children for Tonic and atonic seizures??

A

sodium valproate

23
Q

Give the treatment of men and women who can’t have children for absence seizures?

A

ethosuximide?

24
Q

What is the treatment for women able to have children in generalised tonic clonic seizures?

A

lamotrigine
levetiracetam

25
Q

What is the treatment for women able to have children in partial seizures?

A

Lamotrigine or levetiracetam

26
Q

What is the treatment for women able to have children in myoclonic seizures?

A

levetiracetam

27
Q

What is the treatment for women able to have children in tonic and atonic seizures

A

lamotrigine

28
Q

What is the treatment for women able to have children in absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

29
Q

What are side effects of sodium valproate?

A

Teratogenic
Liver damage and hepatitis
Hair loss
Tremor
Reduced fertility
Weight gain

30
Q

Why is sodium valproate avoided in pregnancy?

A

Neural tube defects and developmental delay

31
Q

What is the definition of status epilepticus?

A

Seizure lasting more than 5 minutes
Multiple seizures without regaining consciousness in the interim

32
Q

Give the medical management of status epilepticus

A
  1. Benzodiazepine - buccal midazolam 10mg, rectal diazepam 10mg or IV lorazepam 4mg
  2. IV levetiracetam, phenytoin or sodium valproate if 2 doses not working
  3. Phenobarbital or GA
33
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

sudden and transient loss of muscular tone caused by strong emotion
features range from knee buckling to collapse

34
Q

How long can a patient not drive for following a first unprovoked seizure with normal imaging and EEG

A

6 months

35
Q

How long must a patient not drive if they have a single episode of syncope, explained and treated

A

for 4 weeks

36
Q

How long must a patient not drive for if they have a single unexplained episode of syncope?

A

6 months

37
Q

How long must a patient not drive for if they have 2 or more episodes of syncope?

A

12 months

Neurology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions