Epididymitis and orchitis

Question 1

Epididymitis and orchitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the epididymis or testes, majority are associated with each other.

Question 2

Epididymitis and orchitis aetiology bacterial causes?

Answer 2

most cases are infective;

bacterial;

if <35 = chlamydia or gonococcus (bacteria that causes gonhorrheoa)

if >35 = enterobacter, klebsiella

Question 3

Epididymitis and orchitis other causes?

Answer 3

Viral; mumps.

Fungal; candida in immunocomprimised.

Question 4

Epididymitis and orchitis risk factors?

Answer 4

DM,

rarer is vasculitis

Question 5

Epididymitis and orchitis epidemiology?

Answer 5

common, can affect all ages, mainly 20-30.

Question 6

Epididymitis and orchitis symptoms?

Answer 6

painful, swollen, tender testis or epididymis but with less acute onset than testicular torsion, penile discharge, ask about sexual history.

Question 7

Epididymitis and orchitis signs?

Answer 7

scrotum may be erythematous and oedematous, pyrexia, eliciting a cremasteric reflex may be painful.

Question 8

Epididymitis and orchitis investigations?

Answer 8

Urine dipstick,

early morning urine collection for MC&S,

FBC (high WCC), high CRP, U&Es.

MC&S (microscopy, culture and sensitivity) looking for bacteria for UTI

Question 9

Epididymitis and orchitis management?

Answer 9

antibiotics,

surgical; exploration of testicles if testicular torsion cant be excluded clinically, required if abscess develops.

Question 10

Epididymitis and orchitis complications?

Answer 10

abscess,

Fourniers gangrene,

mumps orchitis