Epidermis-Skin Flashcards
what are the 2 parts of the integumentary system
epidermis
dermis
superficial portion
composed of connective tissue
epidermis
deep layer composed of connective tissue
dermis
deep layer to dermis and not part of skin
subcutaneous
what are the four types of epidermis cells
keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans
merkel
keratinocytes produce what protein?
keratin
melanocytes produce what pigment?
melanin
langerhans cells participate in?
immune responses
merkel cells function in?
sensation of touch and pressure
how many layers of the epidermis are there?
5
4 (if friction is excessive)
what happens if friction is excessive
a callus forms
what is dermatology
medical speciality that deals with diagnosing and treating skin disorders
deepest layer
single layer of cells
where u can find stem cells
base layer
stratum basale
provides strength and flexibility
8-10 rows
stratum spinosum
transition layer (3-5 rows) releases a lipid rich sealant (waterproof)
stratum granulosum
3-5 rows of dead cells
found in fingers, palms, and soles only
not all over body
stratum lucidum
25-30 rows of dead cells
contains second lipid layer
continuously shedding
callus occur here
stratum corneum
process of replacement of skin cells
keratinization
skin functions
thermoregulation protection cutaneous sensations excretion synthesis of vitamin D
corpuscles of touch
free nerve endings
papillary layer
connective tissue
collagen fiber bundles
elastic fibers
reticular region
elastic and collagen fiber bundles provide?
strength, elasticity and extensibility
ability to stretch
extensibility
ability to return to original shape after stretching
elasticity
epidermal ridges include?
increase friction
accessory structures
hair, glands and nails,
where do new hairs develop?
new hairs develop in the matrix of the bulb
connected to hair follicles
absent in palms and soles of feet
produce sebum
sebaceous glands
what does sebum do?
moisten hairs, soften skin, inhibits hair growth, rise to acne
2 kinds of sudoriferous glands?
eccrine and apocrine
sweat glands that excrete waste and regulate body temp
eccrine
found in armpit and pubic regions
lays against hair follicle
apocrine
ceruminous glands produce?
cerumen/wax
functions of nails
grasping protection and scratching
nails are?
hard keratinized epidermal cells
tissue damage from excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that destroys proteins in the exposed cells
burns
burns destroy protection allowing for?
microbial invasion and infection
loss of fluid
loss of thermoregulation
systemic effects of burns
1 loss of H2O and plasma 2 bacterial infection 3 reduced circulation of blood 4 decreased production of urine 5 diminished immune responses
surface epidermis only
mild pain
redness
no blisters
first degree burn
blisters epidermis and part of dermis blisters pain some skin functions lost
second degree burn
charred black part of body
destroys epidermis and dermis
skin functions all lost
3rd degree burn
skin cancer: who can be affected?
EVERYONE
78% rarely metastasizes
basal cell carcinoma
20%
variable tendency to metastasize
squamous cell carcinoma
2%
life threatening
metastasizes rapidly
malignant melanoma
ABCDE
asymmetrical border color diameter evolving
risk factors for skin cancer
1 skin type 2 sun exposure 3 family history 4 age 5 immunological status
