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A Structure and Function of the Human Body > Epidermis Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Epidermis Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers is epidermis composed of

A

5

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2
Q

Epidermis is composed of five layers of what kind of squamous epithelial tissue

A

Layers of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
That become tough and hard through a process called keratinisation

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3
Q

What is the process called When stratified squamous epithelium tissue becomes tough and hard

A

Keratinisation

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4
Q

What makes up 90% of epidermal cells (they produce a protein called Keratin)

A

Keratinocytes 

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5
Q

Keratin helps protect the skin it also helps do what

A

Waterproof the skin

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6
Q

Melanocytes produces a black-brown pigment called what

A

Melanin

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7
Q

Melatonin contributes to the skin colour by absorbing what

A

Ultraviolet light

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8
Q

Melanin granules actually for protective layer over what

A

The nuclei of cells

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9
Q

Melanin granules actually form a protective layer over the nuclei of cells but it’s only over one side of the nuclei which faces which direction

A

The surface of the skin - the melanin is like a sun hat protecting the nuclei from ultraviolet light

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10
Q

Langerhans cells Arise from bone marrow and move to the what

A

Epidermis

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11
Q

Langerhans cells respond to foreign bodies and thus play a role in what

A

Skin immunity

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12
Q

Merkel cells are found in the stratum basale of hairless skin and are attached to what

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

Merkel cells make contact with nerve cells from the merkel discs which function in which sensation

A

Touch

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14
Q

The deepest layer of the skin is called what

A

stratum basale (Or stratum germinativum)

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15
Q

The stratum basale Is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is the base for what

A

New cells to germinate (sprout)

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16
Q

Stratum spinosum Is the second deepest layer of epidermis and consists of prickly cells that are beginning to go through what process

A

Keratinisation

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17
Q

Stratum granulosum is the third deepestLayer of cells and is made up of two degenerating cells that are becoming increasingly what

A

Becoming increasingly filled with little grains or granules of keratin

18
Q

Stratum lucidum is the second shallowest Layer of cells this is a waterproof layer of what kind of cells

A

Dead and clear cells

19
Q

Stratum corneum Is the shadow set of cells this is the outermost layer of skin what are the cells like

A

The cells are dead and now completely filled with Keratin they are tough, durable and horny

20
Q

Can also be divided into two major layers called what

A

The inner layer (Malpighian layer)

The outer layer

21
Q

The inner layer of the epidermis contains only dividing… Kinds of cells

A

Non-keratinised cells

22
Q

The inner layer of the epidermis contains only dividing non-keratinised cells it includes the stratum basale were sales are constantly being what:
And the stratum spinosum where cells are only beginning to what:

A

Produced
Beginning to go to the process of keratinisation 

23
Q

The outer layer of the epidermis is composed of keratinised non-dividing cells these include what three things

A

Strata granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum

24
Q

What does avascular mean?

A

Contains no blood vessels

25
Q

The stratum basale form is the deepest layer of epidermis this layer is closest to the what

A

Dermis

26
Q

Because the stratum basale is the closest to the dermis it receives nutrients and oxygen for a process called what
This nourishment enables the stratum basale to do what

A

Diffusion
Create millions of new cells each day

27
Q

The stratum basale has the following characteristics (finish the sentence)
1) It composed of a… Layer of cuboidal or… Cells that have nuclei
2) Constantly producing… This is the reason it is sometimes called…
3)The cells are pushed upwards towards the… By… Produced cells below
4) The different cells present in the stratum basale are (4)

A

1) Single…columnar
2)New cells… Stratum germinativeum
3) Superficial layer… Newly produced
4) Stem cells for reproduction
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel discs 

28
Q

The stratum spinosum Consists of 8 to 10 layers of many sided, irregular cells that appear to be covered with … … Or…

A

Prickly thorns or spines (These spines join the cells tightly to one another)

29
Q

The stratum spinosum Is a transitional layer between the stratum basale and the stratum granulosum and it contains some dividing cells as well as some cells that are

A

Beginning to go through the process of keratinisation

30
Q

Stratum spinosum is also called the……layer

A

Prickle-cell

31
Q

Stratum granulosum is also called the….layer

A

Granular-cell layer

32
Q

Stratum lucidum Is also called the… Layer

A

Clear – cell layer

33
Q

The stratum corneum is also called the… Layer

A

Honey – cell layer

34
Q

The stratum granulosum consists of 3 to 5 layers of flattened cells whose nuclei are beginning to what
This is why

A

Degenerate and die
Because the cells are now far away from the nutrient – supplying dermis and I’m becoming increasingly keratinised

35
Q

The Stratton Lucidum Is composed of 3 to 5 layers of clear flat dead cells that have no
This layer is waterproof and most apparent wear

A

Nuclei and contain eleidin ( The producer of keratin)
In thick skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

36
Q

Stratum corneum is the uppermost layer of skin and is exposed to all the harsh changes in the external environment. Because it needs to be strongest and toughest of all the layers it is made up of what
The cells are constantly shed reply process called what

A

25 to 30 layers of flat dead cells that are completely filled with keratin
(dead cells have no nuclei)
The process is called desquamation


37
Q

Dermis is the supporter layer beneath the epidermis and is composed of connective tissue that contains both collagen and…

A

Elastic fibres

38
Q

Dermis contains many different cells and structures including

A

1) Fibroblasts (Contains three fibres)
2) macrophages (Cells that engulf and destroy bacteria)
3) adipocytes (Fat cells)
4) mast cells (Cells produce histamine which dilates small blood vessels during information)
5)blood and lymphatic vessels
6)nerves
7) glands
8)hair follicles

39
Q

Fibroblasts a large flat cells that synthesise the following fibres (3)

A

1)Collagen fibres (very tough yet flexible give skin it’s stretchiness + Attract water so keep skin hydrated 
2) Elastic fibres (Strong thin fibres that give elasticity to the skin)
3)Reticular fibres (Thin fibres that form branching that works around other cells and give support and strength)

40
Q

Dermis can be divided into two layers called

A

1) the papillary layer - A nipple shaped projection that go into the epidermis
2) the reticular layer - Vary in thickness

A Structure and Function of the Human Body (6 decks)

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