epidemiology of infectious diseases

Question 1

incidence

Answer 1

number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease within a specified population during a specific time period

Question 2

prevalence

Answer 2

a measure of the burden of a health condition in a population. it is number of persons in a population who have a given disease or attribute at a particular point in time, over a specific time or a specific period of time or over a lifetime

Question 3

endemic

Answer 3

consistently transmitted disease within a population

Question 4

sporadic

Answer 4

when only a few scattered cases occur

Question 5

epidemic

Answer 5

outbreak of a disease in a population that gives rise to a higher than expected number of cases

Question 6

pandemic

Answer 6

an epidemic occurring on more than one continent

Question 7

index case

Answer 7

first case of the disease in a given area or population

Question 8

morbidity

Answer 8

diseased condition or state; sickness; the incidence of disease within a population

Question 9

mortality

Answer 9

death; cessation of life

Question 10

attack rate

Answer 10

measure of infectivity; the proportion of those exposed that develop infection

Question 11

outbreak

Answer 11

rapid emergence oof a disease in a specific population or geographic area

Question 12

nosocomial infections

Answer 12

acquired by patients or staff in health care facilities

Question 13

exogenous

Answer 13

acquired from the health care environment, such as air conditioners or bed rails

Question 14

endogenous

Answer 14

derived from normal microbiota that become opportunistic while the patient is in the health care setting

Question 15

iatrogenic

Answer 15

health care induced injury, disease or condition

Question 16

idiopathic

Answer 16

injury, disease, or condition for which the cause is not determinable