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Part 2/3 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

afferent

A

sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord

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2
Q

Allodynia

A

the perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus

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3
Q

Ankylosis

A

pathological fusion of bones across a joint

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4
Q

Anterior Motion Segment

A

made up of any two vertebral bodies and an IVD; weight bearing

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5
Q

Axonotmesis

A

type II nerve injury disruption of not only the myelin sheath but the axon as well.

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6
Q

Bradykinin

A

released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors

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7
Q

C fibers

A

small slow non myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

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8
Q

Creep

A

is a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load. when a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under the lead

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9
Q

Dorsal rami

A

innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back

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10
Q

Dermatogenous pain pattern

A

seen inn nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp or burning pain; radicular pain

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11
Q

Efferent

A

motor impulses form the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

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12
Q

Elasticity

A

the tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after removal of the load. Ex. Rubber bands and ligaments

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13
Q

Endoneurium

A

CT that surrounds individual nerve fibers

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14
Q

Epineurium

A

CT that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches

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15
Q

Facets

A

responsible for directions of motion (directional guidance)

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16
Q

Facilitation

A

increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. continued stimulation result in hyperactive stimulated

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17
Q

Golgi tendon Organ GTO

A

receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension inhibits muscle contraction when stimulated

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18
Q

Homeopathy

A

treats patients with heavily diluted preparations primarily from plant and mineral sources

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19
Q

Hyperemia

A

presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyper-active responses (hypersympathicotonia)

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20
Q

Hysteresis

A

loss of energy when the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. It absorbs or dissipation of energy by a distorted structure.

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21
Q

Meniscoid

A

intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility

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22
Q

Motion segment

A

functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets as well as the ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. The vertebral bodies and the disc make up the anterior motion segment, while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets

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23
Q

Muscle Spindle

A

a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fiber

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24
Q

Neurapraxia

A

Type 1 nerve injury involves a reversible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyelination of the axon sheath

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25
Q

Neurotmesis

A

Type III nerve injury most severe form of nerve injury complete nerve division and disruption of the endoneurium

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26
Q

Nociceptor

A

sensory receptors sensitive to pain

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27
Q

Osteopathy

A

“rule of the artery” nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood

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28
Q

Perineurium

A

CT that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers

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29
Q

Plasticity

A

The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed

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30
Q

Posterior Motion Segment

A

articular facets: responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surround the posterior motion segment

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31
Q

Proprioceptors

A

receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect position and motion of the body

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32
Q

Sclerotogenous pain

A

Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joints; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized

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33
Q

Sini-vertebral Nerve (AKA recurrent meningeal nerve)

A

recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertrbal joint and IVD of the vertebrae

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34
Q

Soma (somatic

A

essentially refers to skin, bone, nerve, and muscle

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35
Q

Trophic

A

related to growth and nutrition

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36
Q

vertebral arteries

A

run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae (beginning at C6)

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37
Q

ventral rami

A

innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs

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38
Q

Viscera (visceral)

A

essentially refers to autonomic organs blood lymph vessels

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39
Q

vitalism

A

the principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life.

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40
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone is shaped by the forces placed on it or the lack of force as in immobilization

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41
Q

Hilton’s Law

A

the trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle. Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints

42
Q

Heuter-Volkman’s Law

A

increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa

43
Q

Bell-Magendie

A

Anterior horn of the cord is motor while the posterior horn is sensory

44
Q

Capsular - end feel

A

firm but giving; resistance builds with lengthening; like stretching a piece of leather normal: close-packed position of the joint abnormal: capsular fibrosis

45
Q

Ligamentous - end feel

A

palpates as abrupt hard block with no end play with a normal ROM normal: knee extension abnormal: chronic whiplash

46
Q

Soft tissue approximation - end feel

A

giving, squeezing quality; results from the approximation of soft tissues; typically painless normal: elbow flexion abnormal: muscle hypertrophy; soft tissue swelling

47
Q

bony - end feel

A

hard, non-giving abrupt stop as two surfaces meet normal: elbow extension abnormal: bony exostosis (DJD)

48
Q

muscular - end feel

A

firm but giving; builds with elongation; palpates as deep, taut and tender fibers. exhibits restricted mobility and a rubbery end block. normal: hip flexion

49
Q

muscle spasm - end feel

A

guarded, resisted by muscle contraction; muscle reaction should be felt. the end feel cannot be assed because of pain or guarding EX: hypermobilty/instabilty

50
Q

empty - end feel

A

normal send feel resistance is missing; end feel is not encountered at normal point, or the joint demonstrates unusual give EX pain is felt before full ROM is achieved

51
Q

interarticular - end feel

A

bouncy, spring quality EX meniscal tear, joint mice

52
Q

sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord

A

afferent

53
Q

the perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus

A

Allodynia

54
Q

pathological fusion of bones across a joint

A

Ankylosis

55
Q

made up of any two vertebral bodies and an IVD; weight bearing

A

Anterior Motion Segment

56
Q

type II nerve injury disruption of not only the myelin sheath but the axon as well.

A

Axonotmesis

57
Q

released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors

A

Bradykinin

58
Q

small slow non myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

A

C fibers

59
Q

is a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load. when a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under the lead

A

Creep

60
Q

innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Dorsal rami

61
Q

seen inn nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp or burning pain; radicular pain

A

Dermatogenous pain pattern

62
Q

motor impulses form the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

A

Efferent

63
Q

the tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after removal of the load. Ex. Rubber bands and ligaments

A

Elasticity

64
Q

CT that surrounds individual nerve fibers

A

Endoneurium

65
Q

CT that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches

A

Epineurium

66
Q

responsible for directions of motion (directional guidance)

A

Facets

67
Q

increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. continued stimulation result in hyperactive stimulated

A

Facilitation

68
Q

receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension inhibits muscle contraction when stimulated

A

Golgi tendon Organ GTO

69
Q

treats patients with heavily diluted preparations primarily from plant and mineral sources

A

Homeopathy

70
Q

presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyper-active responses (hypersympathicotonia)

A

Hyperemia

71
Q

loss of energy when the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. It absorbs or dissipation of energy by a distorted structure.

A

Hysteresis

72
Q

intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility

A

Meniscoid

73
Q

functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets as well as the ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. The vertebral bodies and the disc make up the anterior motion segment, while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets

A

Motion segment

74
Q

a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fiber

A

Muscle Spindle

75
Q

Type 1 nerve injury involves a reversible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyelination of the axon sheath

A

Neurapraxia

76
Q

Type III nerve injury most severe form of nerve injury complete nerve division and disruption of the endoneurium

A

Neurotmesis

77
Q

sensory receptors sensitive to pain

A

Nociceptor

78
Q

“rule of the artery” nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood

A

Osteopathy

79
Q

CT that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers

A

Perineurium

80
Q

The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed

A

Plasticity

81
Q

articular facets: responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surround the posterior motion segment

A

Posterior Motion Segment

82
Q

receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect position and motion of the body

A

Proprioceptors

83
Q

Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joints; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized

A

Sclerotogenous pain

84
Q

recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertrbal joint and IVD of the vertebrae

A

Sini-vertebral Nerve (AKA recurrent meningeal nerve)

85
Q

essentially refers to skin, bone, nerve, and muscle

A

Soma (somatic

86
Q

related to growth and nutrition

A

Trophic

87
Q

run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae (beginning at C6)

A

vertebral arteries

88
Q

innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs

A

ventral rami

89
Q

essentially refers to autonomic organs blood lymph vessels

A

Viscera (visceral)

90
Q

the principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life.

A

vitalism

91
Q

bone is shaped by the forces placed on it or the lack of force as in immobilization

A

Wolff’s Law

92
Q

the trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle. Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints

A

Hilton’s Law

93
Q

increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa

A

Heuter-Volkman’s Law

94
Q

Anterior horn of the cord is motor while the posterior horn is sensory

A

Bell-Magendie

95
Q

firm but giving; resistance builds with lengthening; like stretching a piece of leather normal: close-packed position of the joint abnormal: capsular fibrosis

A

Capsular - end feel

96
Q

palpates as abrupt hard block with no end play with a normal ROM normal: knee extension abnormal: chronic whiplash

A

Ligamentous - end feel

97
Q

giving, squeezing quality; results from the approximation of soft tissues; typically painless normal: elbow flexion abnormal: muscle hypertrophy; soft tissue swelling

A

Soft tissue approximation - end feel

98
Q

hard, non-giving abrupt stop as two surfaces meet normal: elbow extension abnormal: bony exostosis (DJD)

A

bony - end feel

99
Q

firm but giving; builds with elongation; palpates as deep, taut and tender fibers. exhibits restricted mobility and a rubbery end block. normal: hip flexion

A

muscular - end feel

100
Q

guarded, resisted by muscle contraction; muscle reaction should be felt. the end feel cannot be assed because of pain or guarding EX: hypermobilty/instabilty

A

muscle spasm - end feel

101
Q

normal send feel resistance is missing; end feel is not encountered at normal point, or the joint demonstrates unusual give EX pain is felt before full ROM is achieved

A

empty - end feel

102
Q

bouncy, spring quality EX meniscal tear, joint mice

A

interarticular - end feel

Part 2/3 (8 decks)

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