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Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

afferent

A

sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord

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2
Q

Allodynia

A

the perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus

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3
Q

Ankylosis

A

pathological fusion of bones across a joint

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4
Q

Anterior Motion Segment

A

made up of any two vertebral bodies and an IVD; weight bearing

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5
Q

Axonotmesis

A

type II nerve injury disruption of not only the myelin sheath but the axon as well.

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6
Q

Bradykinin

A

released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors

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7
Q

C fibers

A

small slow non myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

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8
Q

Creep

A

is a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load. when a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under the lead

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9
Q

Dorsal rami

A

innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back

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10
Q

Dermatogenous pain pattern

A

seen inn nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp or burning pain; radicular pain

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11
Q

Efferent

A

motor impulses form the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

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12
Q

Elasticity

A

the tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after removal of the load. Ex. Rubber bands and ligaments

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13
Q

Endoneurium

A

CT that surrounds individual nerve fibers

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14
Q

Epineurium

A

CT that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches

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15
Q

Facets

A

responsible for directions of motion (directional guidance)

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16
Q

Facilitation

A

increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. continued stimulation result in hyperactive stimulated

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17
Q

Golgi tendon Organ GTO

A

receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension inhibits muscle contraction when stimulated

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18
Q

Homeopathy

A

treats patients with heavily diluted preparations primarily from plant and mineral sources

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19
Q

Hyperemia

A

presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyper-active responses (hypersympathicotonia)

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20
Q

Hysteresis

A

loss of energy when the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. It absorbs or dissipation of energy by a distorted structure.

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21
Q

Meniscoid

A

intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility

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22
Q

Motion segment

A

functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets as well as the ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. The vertebral bodies and the disc make up the anterior motion segment, while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets

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23
Q

Muscle Spindle

A

a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fiber

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24
Q

Neurapraxia

A

Type 1 nerve injury involves a reversible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyelination of the axon sheath

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25
Neurotmesis
Type III nerve injury most severe form of nerve injury complete nerve division and disruption of the endoneurium
26
Nociceptor
sensory receptors sensitive to pain
27
Osteopathy
"rule of the artery" nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood
28
Perineurium
CT that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers
29
Plasticity
The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed
30
Posterior Motion Segment
articular facets: responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surround the posterior motion segment
31
Proprioceptors
receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect position and motion of the body
32
Sclerotogenous pain
Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joints; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized
33
Sini-vertebral Nerve (AKA recurrent meningeal nerve)
recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertrbal joint and IVD of the vertebrae
34
Soma (somatic
essentially refers to skin, bone, nerve, and muscle
35
Trophic
related to growth and nutrition
36
vertebral arteries
run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae (beginning at C6)
37
ventral rami
innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs
38
Viscera (visceral)
essentially refers to autonomic organs blood lymph vessels
39
vitalism
the principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life.
40
Wolff's Law
bone is shaped by the forces placed on it or the lack of force as in immobilization
41
Hilton's Law
the trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle. Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints
42
Heuter-Volkman's Law
increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa
43
Bell-Magendie
Anterior horn of the cord is motor while the posterior horn is sensory
44
Capsular - end feel
firm but giving; resistance builds with lengthening; like stretching a piece of leather normal: close-packed position of the joint abnormal: capsular fibrosis
45
Ligamentous - end feel
palpates as abrupt hard block with no end play with a normal ROM normal: knee extension abnormal: chronic whiplash
46
Soft tissue approximation - end feel
giving, squeezing quality; results from the approximation of soft tissues; typically painless normal: elbow flexion abnormal: muscle hypertrophy; soft tissue swelling
47
bony - end feel
hard, non-giving abrupt stop as two surfaces meet normal: elbow extension abnormal: bony exostosis (DJD)
48
muscular - end feel
firm but giving; builds with elongation; palpates as deep, taut and tender fibers. exhibits restricted mobility and a rubbery end block. normal: hip flexion
49
muscle spasm - end feel
guarded, resisted by muscle contraction; muscle reaction should be felt. the end feel cannot be assed because of pain or guarding EX: hypermobilty/instabilty
50
empty - end feel
normal send feel resistance is missing; end feel is not encountered at normal point, or the joint demonstrates unusual give EX pain is felt before full ROM is achieved
51
interarticular - end feel
bouncy, spring quality EX meniscal tear, joint mice
52
sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord
afferent
53
the perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus
Allodynia
54
pathological fusion of bones across a joint
Ankylosis
55
made up of any two vertebral bodies and an IVD; weight bearing
Anterior Motion Segment
56
type II nerve injury disruption of not only the myelin sheath but the axon as well.
Axonotmesis
57
released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors
Bradykinin
58
small slow non myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors
C fibers
59
is a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load. when a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under the lead
Creep
60
innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back
Dorsal rami
61
seen inn nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp or burning pain; radicular pain
Dermatogenous pain pattern
62
motor impulses form the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the periphery
Efferent
63
the tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after removal of the load. Ex. Rubber bands and ligaments
Elasticity
64
CT that surrounds individual nerve fibers
Endoneurium
65
CT that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches
Epineurium
66
responsible for directions of motion (directional guidance)
Facets
67
increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. continued stimulation result in hyperactive stimulated
Facilitation
68
receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension inhibits muscle contraction when stimulated
Golgi tendon Organ GTO
69
treats patients with heavily diluted preparations primarily from plant and mineral sources
Homeopathy
70
presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyper-active responses (hypersympathicotonia)
Hyperemia
71
loss of energy when the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. It absorbs or dissipation of energy by a distorted structure.
Hysteresis
72
intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility
Meniscoid
73
functional unit of the spine consisting of two vertebral bodies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets as well as the ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. The vertebral bodies and the disc make up the anterior motion segment, while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets
Motion segment
74
a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fiber
Muscle Spindle
75
Type 1 nerve injury involves a reversible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyelination of the axon sheath
Neurapraxia
76
Type III nerve injury most severe form of nerve injury complete nerve division and disruption of the endoneurium
Neurotmesis
77
sensory receptors sensitive to pain
Nociceptor
78
"rule of the artery" nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood
Osteopathy
79
CT that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers
Perineurium
80
The property of a material that instantly deforms when a load is applied and does not return to its original shape when the load is removed
Plasticity
81
articular facets: responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surround the posterior motion segment
Posterior Motion Segment
82
receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints that detect position and motion of the body
Proprioceptors
83
Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joints; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized
Sclerotogenous pain
84
recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertrbal joint and IVD of the vertebrae
Sini-vertebral Nerve (AKA recurrent meningeal nerve)
85
essentially refers to skin, bone, nerve, and muscle
Soma (somatic
86
related to growth and nutrition
Trophic
87
run through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae (beginning at C6)
vertebral arteries
88
innervate the skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs
ventral rami
89
essentially refers to autonomic organs blood lymph vessels
Viscera (visceral)
90
the principle that maintains the laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life.
vitalism
91
bone is shaped by the forces placed on it or the lack of force as in immobilization
Wolff's Law
92
the trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle. Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints
Hilton's Law
93
increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa
Heuter-Volkman's Law
94
Anterior horn of the cord is motor while the posterior horn is sensory
Bell-Magendie
95
firm but giving; resistance builds with lengthening; like stretching a piece of leather normal: close-packed position of the joint abnormal: capsular fibrosis
Capsular - end feel
96
palpates as abrupt hard block with no end play with a normal ROM normal: knee extension abnormal: chronic whiplash
Ligamentous - end feel
97
giving, squeezing quality; results from the approximation of soft tissues; typically painless normal: elbow flexion abnormal: muscle hypertrophy; soft tissue swelling
Soft tissue approximation - end feel
98
hard, non-giving abrupt stop as two surfaces meet normal: elbow extension abnormal: bony exostosis (DJD)
bony - end feel
99
firm but giving; builds with elongation; palpates as deep, taut and tender fibers. exhibits restricted mobility and a rubbery end block. normal: hip flexion
muscular - end feel
100
guarded, resisted by muscle contraction; muscle reaction should be felt. the end feel cannot be assed because of pain or guarding EX: hypermobilty/instabilty
muscle spasm - end feel
101
normal send feel resistance is missing; end feel is not encountered at normal point, or the joint demonstrates unusual give EX pain is felt before full ROM is achieved
empty - end feel
102
bouncy, spring quality EX meniscal tear, joint mice
interarticular - end feel

Part 2/3 (8 decks)

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