Epidemiology/ Biostatics Flashcards
Descriptive
Quantitive, can be numerical, tells you who and what and where
EX: DOB, TB skin test (# of induration)
Analytical
Qualitative, categorical and non- numerical, tells you the why, gives you more in depth information about the circumstances
EX: disease status (yes/no), ovarian cancer staging
Cohort
A group of people who share a common characteristic
Observation/ Prospective
Case control
Looks at cases and controls
Compares those with disease and those without to identify common characteristics that may be shared by those with the disease
Longitudinal
Study over a long period of time
Incidence
Measures risk for disease
Number of new cases over a specific period of time
What are some examples that decrease incidence
Mask
Vaccinations
Herd Immunity
PreP
Prevalence
Measure the number of total affected people
ALL Cases
What decreases Prevalence
How soon they heal from it.
Once the person dies
Point prevalence
The proportion of persons with a particular disease on a specific date
Period prevalence
The proportion of persons with a particular disease or attribute at any time during the interval
Morbidity rate
The number or proportion of individuals experiencing a similar disability, illness, or disease
Mortality rate
The number of deaths within a given population
Incubation period
interval between invasion by agent and first signs/ symptoms
Communicable period
interval during which infectious agent may be transferred from infected person to others
Prodromal period
early, often non specific, symptom of disease
Three parts of the Epidemiological triangle
Host
Environment
Vector
Agent
Host
Genetic susceptibility, immutable characteristics, acquired, lifestyle factors
Environment
Climate, plant and animal life, human population, socioeconomic factors, working conditions
Agent
The actual disease
Vector
Any organism that functions as an infectious agent between organisms of different species
Mosquitos/fillies/ticks
Mice
Rats
Fomites- inanimate objects capable of carrying infectious materials and transporting it between hosts
Types of Immunity
Passive- acquired
Active- acquired
Herd Immunity
Passive acquired
immunity you acquire from someone or something else
Examples of passive acquired
Natural- transmitted from mother to baby
Artificial- from an immune serum medicine
Active acquired
immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine
Examples of active acquired
Natural- antibodies made after exposure to an infection
Artificial- antibodies made after getting a vaccination
Herd immunity
Occurs when a large group develops immunity to a specific disease
What percentage of the population need to be vaccinated to reach herd immunity
95%
The American Community Survey is an example of what kind of epidemiology study?
Cross-sectional
Herd Immunity is a characteristic of which element in the epidemiological triangle
Environment
Which of the following is an example of an analytic epidemiological study design that offers cause and effect between variables
Community trial
The public health nurse at the local health department is seeking out residents of Oahu who is affedted by the water contamination. What kind of surveillance is the nurse conducting?
Active
