Epidemiology Flashcards
Descriptive epidemiology is fo the purpose of:
Analytic epidemiology is a study for the purpose of:
Experimental epidemiology is a study for the purpsoe of:
Epidemiologic investigation focuses on describing disease distribution, by the characteristics relating to:
The main characteristics of individual (personal) variations, include:
How can Individual Variations in Health and Disease can help us?
If geographical differences in disease do appear to be REAL, what are the 3 main question we could ask?
What are the 4 Potential pitfalls of Geographical variations?
How do we overcome potential pitfalls of Geographical Studies?
Variations in TIme of Epidemiological Study, could provide:
A change in disease rates, can distinguish between:
What is an Ecological Study?
In an Ecological Study, how exposure and disease rates are measured?
What are the 3 types of Ecological Studies in Epidemiology?
What are the Potential Pitfalls of Ecological Studies?
Migration Ecological Studies, can help us to separate effects of:
What is the main difference between Cilnical Medicine Research and Epidemiology / Public Health subjects of concern?
Clinical medicine is concerned with the health at the level of the individual patient, while epidemiology and public health are concerend with health at the level of the population.
What is Epidemiology?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states in human populations
What is Public Health?
The Science and Art of:
- Prolonging life.
- Preventing disease.
- Promoting health.
In the population, by organised efforts of society.
What are the questions that Epidemiology is concerened with?
What is the question that Public Policy / Health Promotion, concerned with?
What are the questions that Heath Service Organisation is concerned with?
What’s Public Health’s Top 10 Contributions, in the 20th Century?
- Vaccinations.
- Motor Vehicle Safety.
- Infection control (sanitations, water, TB, etc).
- Food Safety, nutrition & quality.
- CHD/Stroke risk factor reduction.
- Safer childbirth/infant mortality.
- Family planning.
- Tobacco control.
- Workplace Safety.
- Water Fluoridation (US).
According to the Population Approach, by what criteria do we asses impact of particular illness on population health?
Mortality
Morbidity
In what 3 ways do we Measure Diseases?
- Prvalence rate - Presence of disease (new and old).
- Incidence rate - Occurence of new casese of diseases.
- Mortality rate - Occurence of death
What is the calculation of Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality Rate?
In order to show causality, what are the 3 types of studies that are available to us?
- Case - control studies.
- Cohort studies.
- Randomized Control tirals.
When it comes to studying diseases, what are the 3 stages and their meaning?
Why is Blood Pressure a problem?(2)
- Higher BP levels are strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular and cerebrevascular disease, especially coronoary hear disease and stroke.
- High blood presure is common in the general population.
High blood pressure increase the risk of:
How do we know BP is associated with risk factors? Based on what?
Which is more important when it comes to risk relating to BP, systolic or diastolic?
What are the BP values that are considered to a be a risk at the UK, and what percentage of the pop’ (men and women) suffers from it?
SBP 140+
DBP 90+
What is the average systolic BP levels in the population?
150
What is the difference between Primary (essential) BP, and Secondary BP?