Epidemiology

Question 1

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified population and the application

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

What is the primary goal of epidemiology?

Answer 2

Identify causes of disease and injury and explore ways to control and prevent them

Question 3

Descriptive epidemiology is the first stage, and focuses on describing?

Answer 3

Disease distribution by characteristics relating to time, place, and person

Question 4

Analytic epidemiology is the second stage in which?

Answer 4

Hypotheses are generated in the descriptive phase are tested

Question 5

Descriptive epidemiology provides the….?

Answer 5

What
Who
When
Where
How
Generates hypothesis

Question 6

Attempts to provide the why and how, tests the hypothesis

Answer 6

Analytical epidemiology

Question 7

Key feature of analytic epidemiology?

Answer 7

A comparison group

-why and how

Question 8

2 types of experimental epidemiological studies

Answer 8

Clinical trial

Community trial

Question 9

3 types of observational epidemiological studies

Answer 9

Case-control
Cohort
Cross-sectional

Question 10

Tests the effects of the exposure on the outcome

Answer 10

Experimental

Question 11

Observes the exposure and disease status of each study participant

Answer 11

Observational

Question 12

A group of people with disease and a group of people without disease

Answer 12

Case-control study

Question 13

Records whether each study participant is exposed or not, and then tracks participants to see if they develop the disease of interest

Answer 13

Cohort study

Question 14

Sample persons from a population and then to measure exposures and health outcomes simultaneously

Answer 14

Cross-sectional study

Question 15

Evaluation of trends in health and disease and comparisons among countries and subgroups within countries

Answer 15

Objective of descriptive epidemiology

Question 16

Number of existing cases in a population at some designated time

Answer 16

Prevalence

Question 17

Frequency of case divided by the unit size of population

Answer 17

Prevalance

Question 18

Rate of development of a disease in a group over a certain time period

Answer 18

Incidence

Question 19

Number of new cases divided by population at risk

Answer 19

Incidence

Question 20

How to use a 2x2 to determine OR

Answer 20

(A/C) / (B/D)

Question 21

What is the significance of OR =, >, or < 1

Answer 21

<1 –> protective
=1 –> no association
>1 –> suggest risk factor

Question 22

How to calculate the relative risk

Answer 22

Incidence rate in exposed / incidence rate in non-exposed

Question 23

What is the significance or RR =/> to 1

Answer 23

less than 1 - protective
equal to - no association
greater than - risk factor