EBM: Asking Questions and Acquiring the Evidence Flashcards
3 things that make up EBM
- Best available evidence
- Clinical expertise
- Patient values and preferences
Broadly worded questions that reflect the need to better understand a problem or condition
Background questions
- who
- what
- where
- when
- why
Questions that require specific knowledge and include numerous clinical variables
Foreground Questions
What does PICO stand for?
Patient
Intervention
Comparison
Outcomes
What are the 4 clinical question types?
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Therapy
Harm/etiology
Best test to use, how accurate is the test
Diagnosis question
Progression of the disease, likeliness of the disease to occur
Prognosis question
Best treatment, did treatment work
Therapy question
Cause of the problem, did intervention or exposure cause the problem
Harm/etiology question
Level 1 study includes?
Meta-analysis
Systematic review
RCT
Cohort
Level 2 study includes?
RCT
Cohort studies
Level 3 study
Case control
Level 4 study
Case series and Case reports
Therapy and Diagnosis questions are answered by what type of study?
RCT
Prognosis and Etiology/Harm questions are answered by what types of studies?
Cohort studies
Non-experimental
Presentation of disease
Patients not followed
Rare/unique events
Case report/Case series
Non experimental
Compares group of people who have an existing problem to group who do not
Quick and cheap
Case control
Important in the early investigation
Surgical research
Case control
Non-experimental
Group who do not have problem/disease but are followed over time
Establish risk of contracting disease and relationships
Cohort study
Experimental study
Randomly divide people into 2 groups
RCT
PICO question, comprehensive literature search, make practice reccommendations
Systematic review
Statistical technique that summarizes the result
Meta-analysis
