Epidemiology

Question 1

Define epidemiology

Answer 1

distribution and determinants of health related states and the application of this study to the control of health problems

Question 2

Distribtion

Answer 2

relationship between the health problem or disease and the population in which it exists

Question 3

Determinants

Answer 3

causes and factors that affect the risk of disease

Question 4

Risk

Answer 4

likelihood that people who are without a disease, but exposed to certain risk factors will acquire the disease

Question 5

Relative Risk

Answer 5

a comparison of the risk of an event (disease or death) in two or more groups

Question 6

RR equation

Answer 6

risk of disease or death in exposed/ risk in unexposed

Question 7

RR=1
RR>1
RR

Answer 7

=1 : no association, risk is same in both groups

>1 : exposed group is at risk, there is an association

Question 8

incidence

Answer 8

number of new cases of a disease

Question 9

prevalnce

Answer 9

number of existing cases of a disease

Question 10

Ecological or correlational studies

Answer 10

compare the frequency of events in different populations with the per capita consumption of certain dietary factors

Question 11

Cross sectional or prevalence studies

Answer 11

examine relationships among dietary intake, diseases, and other variable as they exist in populations at a particlar time

Question 12

Cohort Studies

Answer 12

group of people, free from the disease is identified and examine and then followed for months or even years. Followed to see who develops disease and who does

Question 13

Epidemiological method

Answer 13

observing, counting cases, relating to population at risk, making comparison, test hypothesis, scientific inferences, conduct experimental studies, intervening and evaluating

Question 14

Case control studies

Answer 14

group of persons with the disease is compared with a group without the disease to compare previous exposure between cases and controls

Question 15

controlled trials

Answer 15

most rigorous evaluation of a dietary hypothesis is the double blind randomized controlled trial

Question 16

Chronological relationship

Answer 16

exposure to a factor must occur before disease onset

Question 17

Strength of association

Answer 17

most of those with disease have exposure and few without the disease have exposure

Question 18

Dose response relationship

Answer 18

the greater the exposure the more severe the disease

Question 19

specificity of association

Answer 19

the removal of the factor leads to a reduction in disease

Question 20

consistency of findings

Answer 20

consistent results in different populations, by different investigators

Question 21

plausibility

Answer 21

the association is biologically plausible based on disease mechanisms, animal and in vitro studies

Question 22

Nutrition Transition

Answer 22

collecting food, famine, receding famine, nutrition related non communicable disease, behavioural change