Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obesity Boards > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of BMI

A

Normal(18-24.9)
Overweight (25-29.9)
Obesity (30-39.9)
Severe/Extreme Obesity (>40) Kg/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the classes of Obesity?

A

Class I - 30-34.9 kg/m2
Class II - 35 - 39.9 kg/m2
Class III - >40 mg/kg/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Stage 0 of Edmonton Obesity Staging System(EOSS)

A

No signs of obesity complications:
Metabolic factors(BP, BS, Lipids, Liver enyzmes etc) are normal.
No physical symptoms
No Mental/psychological symptoms
No functional limitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Stage 1 of Edmonton Obesity Staging System(EOSS)

A

Subclinical Obesity related chronic diseases:
Prehypertension
Prediabetes
Transaminitis
Occasional joint pain, dyspnea on moderate exertion
Mild anxiety/depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Stage 2 of Edmonton Obesity Staging System(EOSS)

A

Established Obesity related chronic disease:
HTN, DM2, PCOS, OA, OSA, GERD, Major Depression, Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Stage 3 of Edmonton Obesity Staging System(EOSS)

A

End organ damage from obesity related chronic disease:
MI, CHF, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, incapacitating OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Stage 4 of Edmonton Obesity Staging System(EOSS)

A

Severe(potentially end-stage) disability from obesity-related chronic diseases:
Advanced heart failure, cirrhosis, Advanced kidney failure, profound physical impairments(bedridden), regarding assistance with ADLs.
Severe mental health disorders that result in major impairments in functioning or a need for long term care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is normal weight percentile in Peds?

A

5-84.9 percentile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is considered overweight in Peds?

A

85-94.9 percentile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is considered obesity in Peds?

A

> =95 percentile(assoc with > CM risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Peds percentile is associated with >cardiometabolic risk?

A

> =95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Class I, II, III in pediatric obesity

A

Class I is >=95-<120 percentile of the 95%
Class II is >=120-140percentile of the 95 %
Class III is >=140 percentile of the 95 percentile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the EOSS classification take into account of?

A

Describes health based on Medical, mental and functional impact on a patient with obesity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which class of obesity for pediatric population is severe and puts them at greater risk of Cardiometabolic disease>

A

Class II
(>120% of 95th percentile or BMI >= 35, whichever is lower) % Class III (>=140% of 95th percentile or BMI >=40, whichever is lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is issue with BMI?

A

Based on morbidity/mortality on White people so may not represent all races
Doesn’t take into acct muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did the indian consensus group define as overweight and obesity in regards to BMI?

A

> 23 - 25 Overweight
25 Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What BMI risks puts a Chinese person at risk for Diabetes?

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What BMI risks puts a black person at risk for Diabetes?

A

26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What BMI risks puts a White person at risk for Diabetes?

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In 2015, the ADA rec a Diabetes screen at 23 for what ethinic group?

A

South Asians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who has a higher obesity rate from age 20-60? Men or Women?

A

Men(except Black Women who have higher risk than Black Men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At what age do Men have less risk of Obesity compared to Women?

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What age group in both sexes had higher rates of obesity?

A

Ages 40-59

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which age group had lowest rate of obesity?

A

Ages 20-39

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What percent of adults in US has a BMI >30?

A

42%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What percent of adults in US has a BMI >25?

A

73%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the expected rate of Obesity in US adults by 2030?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the rate of Obesity of Asians in the US?

A

16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the rate of Obesity of nonhispanic white adults?

A

41%

30
Q

What is the rate of Obesity in the US of black people?

A

49.9%

31
Q

What states have lowest rate of Obesity?

A

Hawaii and Washington D.C.

32
Q

What states have the highest rates of Obesity?

A

Midwest and Southeast

33
Q

What is the rate of Obesity in the US of hispanic people?

A

46%

34
Q

How does income factor in obesity rates in Men and Women?

A

Higher rates in lower income women
Higher rates in middle income men

34
Q

Which pediatric populations have highest rates of obesity?

A

Black girls and Hispanic boys

35
Q

How does income factor in obesity rates in pediatric population?

A

Highest income have lowest obesity rates

36
Q

How does education affect Obesity rates in Men and Women?

A

Highest in Men with some college
Lowest in Women with college education

37
Q

What was the obesity rate in children ages 6-11 between 1963-1975 and what was it in 2018?

A

5%, 2018 - 19.3% and has been stable in last 5 years.

38
Q

What is the rate of Severe Obesity in children?

A

6.1%

39
Q

What percent loss of muscle mass can occur between ages 20-70 if nothing done to maintain it?

A

40%

40
Q

What condition has a bidirectional link to Obesity?

A

Depression(Depression can cause Obesity and vice versa)

41
Q

What does Ghrelin stand for?

A

Growth Hormone Releasing Inducing Peptide

42
Q

Where is Ghrelin secreted from?

A

Fundus and body of stomach
Proximal Small Intestine

43
Q

When is Ghrelin secreted?

A

When stomach is empty. Will surge and peak prior to meals

44
Q

Do levels of Ghrelin increase or decrease with fasting?

A

Increase

45
Q

What does Ghrelin do?

A

Increases appetite and decreases energy expenditure

46
Q

When does Ghrelin drop?

A

When stomach is full/stretched.(However, less of a drop in obese patients)

47
Q

What is the prevalence of Adult Obesity in 2017-2018?

A

42%

48
Q

What are some facts across lifespan in childhood obesity rates?

A

Rates stable in last 5 years
Prevalence increases as we get older
Overall trends worsened in last 50 years

49
Q

What are some determinants of obesity?

A

Genetics/Epigenetics, Behavioral, SDOH, Cultural, medications/iatrogenic, Fetal environment

50
Q

What are 2 questions to ask to screen for food insecurities?

A

In last 12 weeks, have
1. you worried that food would run out before having money to buy more
2. food ran out before we had money to buy more
(Positive if answers sometimes true or often true to either question)

51
Q

How do SDOH factors affect obesity rates?

A

Disproportionately affects those already at risk

52
Q

Which SDOH contributes to depression?

A

Food insecurity

53
Q

What are some factors that indicate housing instability?

A

Frequent moving
Sleeping in places not meant for sleep
Lack of nighttime residence
Living with relatives or in overcrowded areas
Children will lack inconsistent health coverage

54
Q

What is housing instability often associated with?

A

Food insecurity

55
Q

Who does housing instability disproportionately affect?

A

Households with children
Blacks/hispanics
Previously incarcerated

56
Q

How do ACE’s affect health?

A

Dose dependant. The more ACE’s, the more decline in health

57
Q

What are some cultural considerations for risk of Obesity?

A

Early feeding for babies
Mode of feeding for babies
Caregiving feeding practices
Cultural beliefs of beauty and health
Cultural traditions with food

58
Q

What are main categories of medical determinants of obesity?

A

Endocrine
Iatrogenic
Neuropsych

59
Q

What are endocrine conditions that can influence obesity?

A

Thyroid
Adrenal
Diabetes
Female hormonal imbalance

60
Q

What are iatrogenic medical causes of obesity?

A

Weight promoting medications
Neurostructural damage

61
Q

What are neuropsych causes of obesity?

A

Mood d/o
Sleep d/o
Eating d/o

62
Q

When did obesity rates increase suddenly?

A

Stable from 1960-1980 but then starts to rise

63
Q

What are genetic determinants of obesity?

A

Genetic syndromes
Genetic variants

64
Q

What are genetic syndromes that can affect obesity?

A

Prader Willi
Bardt Biedel
Fragile X
Down Syndrome

65
Q

What are genetic variants that can affect obesity?

A

MC4R deficiency
Leptin deficiency
POMC deficiency

66
Q

What is the most common monogenic genetic variant that contributes to obesity?

A

MC4R(Monogenic)

67
Q

What are 2 general characteristics of Genetic variants of obesity?

A

Hyperphagia
Early onset Obesity

68
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

How aging, behaviors and environment affect gene expression.
It is variable and reversible

69
Q

What are some epigenetic changes that influence obesity?

A

Care giving feeding practices
ACEs
Early Obesity
Food insecurity

70
Q
A

Obesity Boards (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions