EPIDEMIOLOGY Flashcards
separation for the period of communicability, of infected persons or animals from others in such places and under such conditions as to prevent or limit the effect of the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those infected to those who are susceptible or who may spread the disease agent.
ISOLATION
an increase in the frequency (incidence) of a disease above the usual and expected rate, which is called the endemic rate
EPIDEMIC
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
to prevent infections that are transmitted by direct or
indirect contact with infected blood or body fluids
BLOOD / BODY FLUID PRECAUTIONS
contaminated inanimate objects or materials
VEHICLE BORNE
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
for less highly transmissible or serious infections, for disease or conditions which are spread primarily by close or direct contact
CONTACT ISOLATION
measures the ability of agent when lodged in the body set up a specific reaction
PATHOGENICITY
the ultimate goal of epidemiology is to ________
control and prevent the spread of disease
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
to prevent transmission of infectious diseases over short distances through the air
RESPIRATORY ISOLATION
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
for patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who have a positive sputum smear or chest x-rays which strongly suggest active tuberculosis
TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATION
usually small residues which result from evaporation of fluid from droplets emitted by an infected host
DROPLET NUCLEI
restriction of the activities of a well persons or animals who have been exposed to a case of communicable diseases during its period of communicability to prevent disease transmission during incubation of infection should occur
QUARANTINE
This phase includes the successful invasion and establishment of the agent in the host
PATHOGENESIS
these are cells in our body like plasma cells and lymphocytes that produce antibodies to neutralize harmful effects of the infectious agents and body fluids in our body that possess substance that have antimicrobial properties
HUMORAL DEFENSE
there are cells in our body like macrophages and neutrophilsinvolve in the process of phagocytosis
CELLULAR DEFENSE
immediate transfer of infectious agent a receptive portal of entry
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
CATEGORIES OF QUARANTINE:
Selective, partial limitation of freedom of movements of contacts
MODIFIED QUARANTINE
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
for infectious transmitted by direct or indirect contact with feces purulent material or drainage from an infected body site
ENTERIC PRECAUTIONS
dissemination of microbial aerosols to a suitable portal of entry usually the respiratory tract
AIRBORNE
Study the occurrence and distribution of diseases as well as the distribution of determinants of health state or events in a specified population and the application of this study to control health problems
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
to prevent infections transmitted by direct or indirect
contact with purulent material or drainage from an infected body site
DRAINAGE / SECREATION PRECAUTIONS
the great public health leader of the early 20th century, called epidemiology “the diagnostic discipline of public health.”
C-E.A. WINSLOW
surveillance made by the
government before many people start dying
NOTIFIABLE DISEASE
Time between exposure to infectious agent up to the time of appearance of the earliest signs and symptoms
INCUBATION PERIOD
Indirect transmission from other living organisms (ex. Insects)
VECTOR BORNE
ability to gain access and adapt to the human host to the extent of finding of finding lodgment and multiplication
INFECTIVITY
ability to stimulate the host to produce antibody
ANTIGENICITY
CATEGORIES OF QUARANTINE:
Limitation of movement of those exposed to a communicable disease for a period of time not longer than the longest usual incubation period of that disease
ABSOLUTE OR COMPLETE QUARANTINE
TWO TYPES OF INCUBATION PERIOD:
The time taken by the parasite to complete its development in the definite host (from the time of entry of the infective larvae to the presence of microfilariae)
INTRINSIC / BIOLOGICAL INCUBATION PERIOD
CATEGORIES OF ISOLATION:
this category is designed to prevent transmission of highly contagious or virulent infectious that may spread by direct contact or droplet
STRICT ISOLATION
-father of modern epidemiology
-study about cholera
JOHN SNOW
This is the phase before man is involved. Through the interaction of the agent, the host, and environmental
factors, the agent finally reaches the man
PRE-PATHOGENESIS
refers to the severity of the reaction produce and is usually measured in terms of fatality
VIRULENCE
TWO TYPES OF INCUBATION PERIOD:
the time between exposure to a pathogenic organism and the onset of symptoms of a disease
CLINICAL INCUBATION PERIOD
