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CPHM - PRELIM > BIOSTATISTICS > Flashcards

BIOSTATISTICS Flashcards

1
Q

This is a range of values within which the true result probably falls

A

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL

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2
Q

The Science of epidemiology rests on ______, Because Public health is concerned with populations, and statistics provide information and interpret data.

A

STATISTICS

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3
Q

ORGANIZATION OF DATA:

-The purpose is to convey a simpler idea of what the statistical table contains

-Primary tools for presentation and analysis

A

GRAPHING

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4
Q

TYPES OF DATA FOR TABULATION:

used to compare two or more frequencies

A

CORRELATION DATA

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5
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STATISTICAL DATA:

Population size, age, sex, geographic distribution, mortality, morbidity, growth rate

A

DEMOGRAPHIC

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

data of unknown quality are useful.

A

FALSE

data of unknown quality are USELESS

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7
Q

TYPES OF GRAPH:

Used to graph time-series data to depict trends or changes with time with respect to some other variables

A

LINE GRAPH

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8
Q

PARTS OF A GRAPH:

-this is needed when one is drawing more than one graph in a graphing space. This clarifies to what particular item each of the graphs refers.

-It is placed either at the bottom of the graph or as close as possible to the figures being identified.

A

LEGEND

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9
Q

TYPES OF VARIABLE

A

QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE

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10
Q

LEVEL OF MEASUREMENTS:

a classificatory scale where the categories are used as labels only

A

NOMINAL

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11
Q

Examples of INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

A

ESTIMATION, HYPOTHESIS TESTING

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12
Q

The term statistics refers to both the numbers that describe the _________ and the science that helps to _______ those numbers.

A

health of populations, interpret

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13
Q

-variables whose categories are simply used as labels to distinguish one group from another

-numerical representation of the categories is for labeling/coding and NOT for comparison

A

QUALITATIVE VARIABLE

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14
Q

Examples of DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

A

COUNTS, PROPORTIONS, TABLES, GRAPHS, SUMMARY MEASURES

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15
Q

TYPES OF DATA FOR TABULATION:

-Data are grouped according to some scale of classification, where the sum of the entries is equal to the total.

-The figures may either be in equal numbers, in percentages, or in both. The scales used may be qualitative, quantitative, or both.

A

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

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16
Q

PARTS OF A GRAPH:

these are the lines, bars or figures drawn within the graphing space

A

BODY OF THE GRAPH

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17
Q

Uses of Statistics

A
  • Problems of estimates
  • Problems of comparison
  • Health need identification
  • Analysis of problem and trends
  • Epidemiologic evaluation
  • Program planning
  • Budget preparation and justification
  • Administrative decision making
  • Health education
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18
Q

PARTS OF A TABLE:

it should state the objective of the table. It should clearly,
briefly and comprehensively what the figures in the body of the table stand for. How the data are classified, where and when obtained

A

TITLE

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19
Q

refers to quantitative data affected to a marked extent by a multiplicity of causes. Data are collected in order to measure something (number of deaths, births, specific diseases, hospital admissions)

A

DATA

20
Q

measurement of a characteristic

A

VARIABLE

21
Q

LEVEL OF MEASUREMENTS:

same characteristics as ordinal; zero point is arbitrary and does not mean absence of the characteristic

A

INTERVAL

22
Q

ORGANIZATION OF DATA:

It refers to the arrangement of any data in an orderly sequence so that they can be presented concisely and compactly and so that they can be understood easily

A

TABULATION

23
Q

TYPES OF GRAPH:

Shows the breakdown of a group per total where the number of categories is not too many

A

PIE CHART

24
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STATISTICAL DATA:

Water supply, excreta disposal, school enrollment, food establishment, transports, food intake/habits

A

Health-related Socio-economic Environmental Factors

25
Q

LEVEL OF MEASUREMENTS:

used for categories which can be ordered or ranked

A

ORDINAL

26
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STATISTICAL DATA:

Causes and distribution of mortality and morbidity as to residence, place of occurrence, age, sex

A

HEALTH STATUS

27
Q

Statistical techniques for summarizing and presenting data in a form that will make them easier to analyze and interpret

A

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

28
Q

It refers to orderly processes of data collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation (tabulation of data, computation of rates and frequency distribution, graphic presentation)

A

METHOD

29
Q

TYPES OF GRAPH:

used to graph qualitative variables and discontinuous variables of the quantitative variety

A

BAR GRAPH

30
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF STATISTICAL DATA:

Number and distribution of health facilities, health manpower, health expenditures

A

HEALTH RESOURCES

31
Q

PARTS OF A TABLE:

indicate the basis of classification of the columns or vertical series of figures.

A

COLUMN HEADINGS

32
Q

-values indicate a quantity or amount and can be expressed numerically

-values can be arranged according to magnitude

A

QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE

33
Q

PARTS OF A TABLE:

indicate the basis of classification of the rows or horizontal series of figures

A

STUBS

34
Q

PARTS OF A TABLE:

indicates the source of information

A

FOOTNOTE

35
Q

use to express the degree of probability or improbability
of a certain result in an experiment.

A

P-VALUE

36
Q

LEVEL OF MEASUREMENTS:

same characteristics as ordinal; a meaningful zero point exist

A

RATIO

37
Q

TYPES OF GRAPH:

Used to graph continuous variables. Same function as a histogram

A

POLYGON

38
Q

PARTS OF A TABLE:

this is made up of the figures filling the cells or compartments brought about by the coordinates of rows and columns

A

BODY OF THE TABLE

39
Q

PARTS OF A GRAPH:

-indicate clearly and briefly what the figures in the body of the graph stand for, how the data were classified, and where and when obtained.

-This is placed at the bottom of the graph, preceded by a number for easy reference

A

TITLE

40
Q

TYPES OF GRAPH:

A graphical representation, similar to a bar chart in structure, that organizes a group of data points into user-specified ranges

A

HISTOGRAM

41
Q

PARTS OF A TABLE:

refers to the column totals and row totals

A

MARGINAL TOTALS

42
Q

TRUE OF FALSE

No measurement is perfectly accurate or exact.

A

TRUE

43
Q

TYPES OF DATA FOR TABULATION:

some variable changes over a period of time is the one being presented

A

TIME SERIES DATA

44
Q

Concerned with making estimates, predictions, generalizations, and conclusions about a target population based on information from a sample

A

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

45
Q

PARTS OF A GRAPH:

-has two axes, vertical and horizontal

A

AXIS

46
Q

Used to described the variety and frequency of past outcomes under similar conditions as a way of predicting what should happen in the future.

A

PROBABILITY

47
Q

TYPES OF GRAPH:

used to show the relationship of simultaneous measurement

A

SCATTER POINT / SCATTERPLOT DIAGRAM

CPHM - PRELIM (5 decks)

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