Epidemiology Flashcards
Preseptal cellulitis
More common than orbital cellulitis, more common in young adults and children, especially in winter months
Orbital cellulitis
Recent sinus infection or trauma. Leading cause of exophthalmos in children
Thyroid eye disease
8:1 F>M, 40-50yo, Most commonly caused by HYPERthyroidism, TED occurs in 30-70% of pts w/Graves disease. Cigarette smoking is strongest risk factor (2-9X). TED is the most common cause of unilateral or bilateral proptosis in middle-aged patients.
Capillary hemangioma
Most common benign orbital tumour in children. Almost always dx by age 6mo.
Cavernous hemangioma
Most common benign orbital tumour in adults, occurs in 40-60yo, F>M
Optic nerve glioma
Most common intrinsic tumour of the optic nerve (65% of such tumours). Symptoms within first decade of life (2-6yo)
Meningioma
Most common benign brain tumour, typically in middle-aged women. Sphenoid meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumour to invade the orbit
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most common primary pediatric orbital malignancy. Average age of dx is 7yo
Neuroblastoma
Most common secondary pediatric orbital malignancy (2nd most common overall malignancy after rhabdomyosarcoma), most commonly arises from a tumour in the abdomen, mediastinum, or neck (may have assoc. Horners). Presents by 10yo.
Lymphoma
Most common in pts 50-70yo, 30-50% with orbital disease develop systemic involvement of which 60% have a 5-yr survival rate
Orbital pseudotumour / Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome
Rare condition. May be acute, recurrent, or chronic. Most commonly affects young to middle-aged pts (20-50yo). 3rd most common orbital disorder in adults. 2nd most common cause of exophthalmos
Ocular rosacea
Most common in middle-aged adults of Northern European ancestry. F>M, M more severe disease. Affects approx 10% of population including and estimated 50% with acne rosacea
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Rare condition, F>M 2:1, average age of dx is 65yo
Chalazion/hordeola
Often have a history of similar recurrent lesions or assoc w acne rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis
Floppy eyelid syndrome
Most common in obese men with obstructive sleep apnea. Assoc w/DM, hyperthyroidism, and HTN
Benign essential blepharospasm
Most common in 50-70yo, mean onset of 56yo, 2:1 F>M
Basal cell carcinoma
The most common skin cancer in the US, M>F, most common eyelid cancer (90% of eyelid malignancies), assoc w/fair skin and UV exposure, especially UV-B (290-320nm), pt may report a chronic lesion that occasionally bleeds and will not heal
Squamous cell carcinoma
More common M>F 2:1, 2nd most common eyelid cancer, but still 40-50x less common than BCC
Sebaceous gland carcinoma
Rare, with a similar incidence to SCC. More common in elderly women. Pts may have a history of chronic unilateral blepharitis or recurrent chalazia
Malignant melanoma
Rare (<1% of all eyelid malignancies) but most lethal primary skin cancer
Dacryoadenitis
More common in children and young adults. May have history of recent fever or systemic infection
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Congenital or acquired. F>M 2:1
Primary acquired melanosis (PAM) and Conjunctival melanoma
elderly white patients >50yo
Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
most common conjunctival neoplasia in US. also known as Bowens disease or conj squamous dysplasia. risk for CIN -> SCC include UV-B exposure, smoking, exposure to petroleum derivatives, fair skin, xeroderma pigmentosa, HIV, and HPV*
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (OSSN)
elderly white pts (90%), males (81%), most commonly derived from CIN and assoc w UV and HPV
Simple bacterial conjunctivitis
more common in children, H. influenzae
(S. Aureus or epidermidis for adults)
gonococcal conjunctivitis
STI most common in YA but can also be transmitted to infants from birth canal
adenoviral conjunctivitis
more common in adults than children except for PCF (“swimming pool conjunctivitis”). most common cause of “pink-eye”, highly contagious for up to 14 days and transmitted via contact
molluscum contagiosum
rare, common in communities with noted poor hygiene, most common in children and YA
Allergic conjunctivitis
common, affects all ages, history of allergies common, can be seasonal or perennial
VKC - vernal keratoconjunctivitis
very rare, <1% of allergic conj., young males under 10yo, in hot dry climates, in spring or fall, resolves around puberty, symptoms upper lid
AKC - atopic keratoconjunctivitis
rare, <3% of allergic conj., teens to 40s, history of atopy (esp dermatitis), can also develop shield cataract
GPC - giant papillary conjunctivitis
most commonly from SiHy CL extended wear, exposed sutures, glaucoma blebs, scleral buckles, or ocular prosthetics. Also can be from environment. CL risk factors: SiHy, extended wear, high water-ionic lenses, higher modulus, poor replacement compliance
