Associations/Progression Flashcards
Preseptal cellulitis
Can become orbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
Diabetic/immunocompromised pts can develop mucormycosis, with black eschar
Life-threatening
Thyroid eye disease
1% of pts will have to develop myasthenia gravis
Enlarged EOMs and inflamed orbital fat can compress the optic nerve, which is the greatest threat to vision from TED and occurs in 5% of pts
Often have severe dry eye from exposure keratopathy
Capillary hemangioma
Rapid growth and spontaneous involution (70-75% of lesions gradually involute by age 7)
Neurofibroma
Neurofibromatosis 1 (neuro-oculo-cutaneous syndrome)
Optic nerve glioma in infants
Assoc. w/ NF1 in up to 30-50% of cases
Bilateral orbital pseudotumour in adults
Raises suspicion for systemic vasculitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis, poly arthritis nodosa) or lymphoma
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Significant number of pts develop bilateral blindness an estimated 10-30yrs after dx, destruction of goblet cells, meibomian glands, Krause, Wolfring, ducts of main lacrimal gland, resulting in severe ocular surface disease. Entropion, trichiasis, corneal ulceration, neo, and keratinization
Trachoma
Scarring -> entropion -> trichiasis -> corneal ulceration and pannus
Benign essential blepharospasm
Over 50% of pts also have OSD/dry eye that may exacerbate the spasms. Also 50% of pts with BEB have Meige’s syndrome. Meige’s syndrome is characterized by BEB and lower facial abnormalities (jaw spasms/pain)
Actinic keratosis
Most common precancerous skin lesion, precursor to SCC in 25% of cases. Elevated, pink/red, scaly lesion on sun-exposed skin that does not heal
Keratoacanthoma
Found in sun-exposed areas and has an early appearance that is similar to BCC and SCC. Grow very quickly to a large size (1-2cm) before they slowly shrink and often spontaneously resolve
Lacrimal system disorders
25% of patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation will have lacrimal gland involvement
Chronic dacryocystitis
Raises suspicion for epithelial carcinomas and malignant lymphomas, carcinomas can express blood into the tear film with palpation of the lacrimal sac
PAM
can progress to conjunctival melanoma
CIN
can progress to SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)/OSSN
Atopic dermatitis
assoc w/ AKC and also can develop a shield cataract in 10% of severe types bw ages 15 and 30
Corneal neovascularization
chronic hypoxia, can cause superior pannus, larger than 1.5mm is abnormal, stromal scarring and hemorrhage are uncommon but can occur
Corneal warpage
due to CL material, long-term PMMA or GP wearers with poorly fitting CLs, rare but can happen with soft CLs, typically low Dk, extended wear, and/or toric
