Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Family Medicine > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define primordial prevention

A

Health promotion for disease free before risk factors develop eg sugar tax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define primary prevention

A

Alter exposures that lead to disease. Health promotion and specific protection pre-disease. Eg health campaign against drinking, warn smokers of danger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define secondary prevention

A

Pre-symptomatic diagnosis and treatment of latent disease. Eg screen obese for diabetes, NB screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define tertiary prevention

A

Disability limitation for early symptomatic disease, rehab for late. Delay complications. eg Check diabetic patients for retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the donabedian model? (5)

A
  • Input eg screen
  • process eg sputum turn around Tb
  • output eg start treatment
  • outcome eg sputum conversion
  • impact eg cure and death rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the causality epidemiology triad? (Vectors)

A
  • Agent- pathogen
  • host - human - intrinsic factors
  • environment - extrinsic factors - physical (eg geology, climate), biologic (eg insects), socioeconomic (eg crowding)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

According to Rothman’s causal pie, what is a component cause?

A

Individual factors within a pie , slice of the pie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Rothman’s causal pie, what is a sufficient cause?

A

The complete pie, which might be considered a causal pathway. A disease may have more than 1 sufficient cause, with each sufficient cause being composed of several component causes that may or may not overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to Rothman’s causal pie, what is a Necessary cause?

A

A component that appears in every pie/pathway/ sufficient cause, because without it disease doesn’t occur eg mycobacterium tuberculosis is a necessary cause of Tb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define health according to WHO

A

State of complete physical, mental, social well being, not merely absence of disease or infirmity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 5 determinants of diseases

A
  • Biological -physical and mental traits, can’t be altered
  • behavioural -lifestyle
  • social economic- education, occupation, political
  • cultural
  • environmental - air, water, housing, lighting ventilation, sanitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 6 P’s of sustainable development goals and health

A 
People
Planet
Prosperity
Peace
Partnership
Participation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define multi-morbidity

A

Presence of ≥ 2 chronic diseases within an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define complex multi-morbidity

A

Four or more chronic diseases within an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are political, bureaucrat and coordination aspects of national health system?

A

• Political = minister and deputy minister
. Bureaucrat = director general
• coordination = National health council

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are political, bureaucrat and coordination aspects of Provincial health system?

A
  • political = member of executive council
  • bureaucrat = head of department
  • coordination = provincial health council
17
Q

What are political, bureaucrat and coordination aspects of local/district health system?

A 
Political = member of mayoral council
Bureaucrat = executive director
Coordination = district health council
18
Q

Name the 7 tiers of health systems and examples of their services

A
  1. home eg promote prenatal and postnatal health , family planning
  2. Clinic eg antenatal care
  3. Community health centre eg normal delivery
  4. District hospital eg uncomplicated cs
    5 regional hospital eg premature cs requiring obstetrician
  5. Tertiary hospital eg complicated delivery requiring obstetrician and neonatologist
  6. Central hospital eg cs in woman with mitral heart disease (kalafong)
    Refer in this order
    Then specialized hospital eg weskoppies
19
Q

What are political, bureaucrat and Clinician aspects of central health system?

A

• Political = hospital board
. Bureaucrat = chief executive officer.
• clinician = clinical head of department

20
Q

What are political, bureaucrat and Clinician aspects of Regional district and specialised hospital health system?

A

• Political = hospital board
. Bureaucrat-chief executive officer
• clinician = clinical head of unit

21
Q

What are political, bureaucrat and Clinician aspects of community health centres

A

Political = hospital board
Bureaucrat-facility manager
Clinician = medical officer

22
Q

Name the 6 building blocks of the health system

A 
• Service delivery (where)
• Health workforce
• information (data)
• Medical products, vaccines, technologies
• financing
. Leadership / governance
23
Q

Name the 4 intermediate outcome goals of the health system

A
  • Access -finance, how far
  • coverage - how many people can come
  • quality
  • safety
24
Q

Name the 4 overall goals or outcomes of the health system

A

• Improved health (.level and equity)
• responsiveness
• social and financial risk protection
. Improved efficiency

25
Q

How is population level data measured?

A

Morbidity and mortality

Family Medicine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions