Epicurean Philosophy Flashcards
What is a common misconception about Epicureanism?
Epicureanism is often mistaken for advocating hedonistic pleasure-seeking, but it actually promotes moderation and the pursuit of tranquility through the absence of pain and mental disturbance.
How did historical events influence Epicurus’s philosophy?
The turbulent period of Alexander the Great’s empire, marked by instability, led Epicurus to focus on personal happiness and self-sufficiency rather than political or societal change.
Who were key philosophers influencing Epicurus, and how did his view differ?
Epicurus was influenced by Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, but unlike them, he emphasized individual happiness over societal or political fulfillment.
According to Epicurus, what is the ultimate goal of life?
The ultimate goal is achieving pleasure through the absence of physical pain (aponia) and mental disturbance (ataraxia).
Define ‘aponia’ and ‘ataraxia’ in Epicurean terms.
‘Aponia’ is the absence of physical pain, and ‘ataraxia’ is mental tranquility, both essential for a happy life in Epicurean philosophy.
What is Epicurus’s view on the nature of the soul?
Epicurus believed the soul is material, made of atoms, and does not survive after death.
How does Epicurus explain the nature of gods in his philosophy?
Gods exist as perfect, material beings made of atoms, but they are indifferent to human affairs and do not interfere in mortal lives.
How does Epicurus categorize desires?
Epicurus divides desires into three categories: natural and necessary, natural but unnecessary, and unnatural and unnecessary.
What are natural and necessary desires?
Desires essential for survival and well-being, like food, shelter, and safety, which are easy to satisfy and bring true contentment.
Give examples of natural but unnecessary desires.
Pleasures like drinking wine or shopping, which are enjoyable but not essential for well-being.
What are unnatural and unnecessary desires?
Desires like wealth, fame, and power, which are insatiable and often lead to more dissatisfaction than happiness.
Fill in the blank: Epicurus believed that true happiness comes from managing desires wisely and attaining _____.
self-sufficiency
Why did Epicurus believe that excessive pleasure-seeking is harmful?
Excessive pleasure-seeking can lead to pain and disturbance, preventing long-term happiness and tranquility.
How did Christian doctrine affect the perception of Epicureanism?
Christian doctrine misrepresented Epicureanism as hedonistic and anti-religious, as it conflicted with Christian beliefs about divine creation and the afterlife.
What is the Epicurean perspective on death?
Death is simply the cessation of sensation, so there is no pain or afterlife to fear, making death a non-issue for the living.
