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Foundations 2 Perio > Epi of Perio > Flashcards

Epi of Perio Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology is about who

A

the population-NOT the individual

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2
Q

Groups of diseases in periodontal disease

A

 Gingivitis – reversible, inflammation of the gingiva, the junctional epithelium remains attached to the tooth at the original level

 Periodontitis – chronic, inflammation of the gingiva and surrounding bone that supports the tooth, loss of support can lead to tooth loss

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3
Q

Do not know numbers!!

-If there is a number it is WRONG!

A

(:

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4
Q

Why forecast disease occurrence?

A

To prevent disease!

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5
Q

What to study/focus on in epidiemology (4 things)

A

Do not worry about this much, just some extra knowledge

Epidemiology

Distribution

Risk factors

Preventative strategies at the population level

Link between periodontal and systemic disease

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6
Q

Periodontal disease (define key terms)

A

a generic term to describe a group

of inflammatory conditions affecting tooth-supporting tissues

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7
Q

Is periodontal disease reversible?

A

Gingivitis is!!!!! Periodontitis is NOT!

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8
Q

Periodontitis prevalence based on gender

A

Men&raquo_space;> women

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9
Q

How do we capture Perio disease on a global level?

-Describe the national health surveys

A

Less than 10 national oral health surveys include periodontal assessment, only five use similar measurements

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10
Q

Gingivitis and calculus deposits are ______ and

_____ in low-income nations

A

More prevalent and more severe

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11
Q

% of adult population with periodontitis

A

50%

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12
Q

% of population with severe periodontitis (is it common?)

A

5-15%, so kind of yeah, but a small proportion globally have severe periodontitis **KNOW THIS

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13
Q

What is a cause of mixed results about the prevalence of gingavitis

A

Mix results about the prevalence of gingivitis due to lack of agreement on measurement criteria

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14
Q

How many adults have gingivitis? Adolescents?

A

over half adults- adolescents even more (~80%)

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15
Q

With age, prevalence of periodontitis does what

A

increases, more towards 15% of the 5-15

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16
Q

Ethnicity with highest prevalence of Periodontitis

A

Mexican-Americans

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17
Q

Perio and education level

A

lower education = higher rates

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18
Q

Risk Factors -Modifiable (6)

A 
Modifiable
• Smoking, Nutrition
• Dental plaque, Oral
hygiene 
• Psychological factors 
• Obesity 
• Socioeconomics 
• Specific microorganisms
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19
Q

Risk Factors- Non-modifiable (4)

A 
Non-Modifiable
• Genetic
• Aging
• Gender
• Ethnicity/Race
20
Q

Factors related to why high SES have better gingival

health (3)

A

Improved oral hygiene, regular dental visits, having

dental insurance

21
Q

Strength of evidence linking genetics and periodontal health

A

WEAK evidence

22
Q

Measurements of Perio Disease (5)

A

• Pocket depth (PD)- current periodontal disease • Clinical attachment loss (CAL)-past periodontal disease • Bleeding on probing (BP) • Self-reported measure • Bone loss: alveolar crest to CEJ
* considered best indicators to measure periodontal
health of the population

23
Q
  • considered best indicators to measure periodontal

health of the population

A

• Bone loss: alveolar crest to CEJ

24
Q

Self reported indicators of Perio Disease (6)

A
  • Malodor/bad taste
  • Oral hygiene aid use
  • Pain/discomfort
  • Previous diagnosis of periodontal disease
  • History of periodontal treatment
  • Self rating of gingival health

**Just be aware of these

25
Q

Assessment Concern for Periodontal Disease Measurement

hint one reason with 3 things under that reason

A

Lack of uniformity and constant change:

• in the criteria for disease identification in the
population
• in the threshold used for assessment in studies
• in the sites assessed for the disease in different
studies

26
Q

Concerns of the Perio Probe (8)

A
  • Diameter of probe
  • the tine
  • Force Applied
  • Angulation of the probe tine to the wall
  • Experience of examiner
  • Prevelence of overhang
  • Accuracy on tine
  • Probe penetration
27
Q

Perio Disease Indices are used to measure the following (4)

A
  • Plaque or soft deposits on teeth
  • Calculus
  • Gingival inflammation
  • Periodontal destruction/ loss of attachment
28
Q

Grades of Plaque index (0,1,2,3)

DO NOT HAVE TO KNOW EACH ONE

A

0: Plaque free, no plaque collection
1: Thin film of plaque at the gingival margin, visible and easily scraped with explorer
2: Moderate amount of plaque along gingival margin; interdental space free of plaque; plaque visible with the naked eye
3: Heavy Plaque accumulation at the gingival margin; interdental space filled with plaque

29
Q

Gingival Index 0-3

DO NOT HAVE TO KNOW EACH ONE

A

Normal gingival, no inflammation, no discoloration, no bleeding probing

Mild inflammation, slight color change, mild alteration of gingival surface, no bleeding on probing

Moderate inflammation, erythema swelling, bleeding on probing or with application of pressure

Severe inflammation, severe erythema and swelling, tendency towards spontaneous hemorrhage, some ulceration

30
Q

Plaque index

A

• Good reproducibility • Original designed to be used in six teeth, but other
combinations are now used • Original teeth:
u maxilla: Right lateral incisor, 2nd molar and left 1st
premolar u Mandible: Right 1st premolar, left lateral incisor,
2nd molar

31
Q

Perio index used

A

CPIT-N

Community periodontal index of treatment needs
Ainamo et al 1982

32
Q

0 in an index

A

Normal

33
Q

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) determines what? Used in what?
Easy or hard on a global scale?
Joint with who?

A
  • Joint working committee of the WHO and FDI
  • Determines severity of gingivitis and periodontitis
  • Primarily used in epidemiological studies
  • Easy to use and has global acceptance
34
Q

Limitations of CPTIN-(3)

THIS IS A QUESTION

A

• Index based on a hierarchical concept of the progression of periodontitis. Such that a tooth with a
score of 3 or 4 (pocket) should have calculus (score 2) and bleeding (score 1) —does not allow us to talk about ATTACHMENT LOSS

• It does not measure tooth mobility or attachment loss or
furcation involvement

• Concern about examining the periodontium of a few
teeth as representative of the periodontal health or
disease of the whole teeth in the mouth

35
Q

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment evaluates what

A

perio treatment needs of population

36
Q

Main Limitation of CPTIN

A

You cannot use CPTIN to evaluate individuals-ONLY Populations!

37
Q

CPI does what (2 modifications to CPITN)

A

Includes clinical loss of attachment (sometime
optional)

Eliminates treatment need

38
Q

An index for Perio screening?

A

Yes, Perio Screening and recording, THERE IS AN INDICE

39
Q

INDICES for what (3 or so)

A

Plaque, Calc, Perio, Community perio index

40
Q

Epidemiology is a(n) _______ important
for “hypothesis generation” than demonstration of
proof

A

an observational science

41
Q

Epidemiology is an observational science important
for “__________” than demonstration of
proof

A

hypothesis generation-asking more questions

42
Q

Epidemiological studies are important to help improve 2 things

A

• improve our understanding of risk factors of
periodontal disease, prognosis and long-term
outcomes of care

• Improve our understanding of periodontal -
systemic associations

43
Q

Rigorous training and calibration of examiners are important in epidemiology of periodontal disease
especially when data is intended for public health planning

just a fact, not on perio exam

A

…

44
Q

In cases where partial mouth assessments are done a
________ should be calculated to account for
possible differences between _____ and ______
assessment

A
  • -correction factor

- -between partial and full mouth assessment

45
Q

In cases where partial mouth assessments are done a
correction factor should be calculated to account for
possible differences between partial and full mouth
assessment

A

KNOW This and it is from NHANES!!!!

46
Q

We used to use what and now use what

A

partial mouth now we use full mouth assessment, this is on the exam!

47
Q

Complete mouth assessment is not important, true or false???

A

FALSE

Foundations 2 Perio (9 decks)

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