EPI: Chapter 1 Flashcards
Study of factors that determines the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population.
Epidemiology
Population-oriented studies of the
community origins of health
problems.
Classical or Classical Epidemiology
Uses of research designs and
statistical tools to study patients in
health care settings.
Clinical or Clinical Epidemiology
Depended more heavily on
laboratory support (especially
microbiology and serology).
Infectious Disease or Infectious Disease Epidemiologist
Depends on
complex sampling and statistical
methods.
Chronic Disease or Chronic Disease Epidemiologist
The cause or origin of a disease or
abnormal condition.
Etiology
The goal of prevention is whether
Preventive or Therapeutic
Before the disease process begins,
early intervention may avert
exposure to the agent of a disease,
preventing the disease process
from starting.
Pre-disease Stage
When the disease process has
already begun but is still
asymptomatic, screening for the
disease and providing appropriate
treatment may prevent
progression to symptomatic
disease.
Lantent Stage
When disease manifestations are
evident, intervention may slow,
arrest, or reverse the progression
of disease. (tertiary prevention)
Symptomatic Stage
“who” is the person or organism
harboring the disease.
Host
“what” is whatever causes the
disease.
Agent
“what” is whatever causes the
disease.
Agent
“where” is the external factors that
cause or allow disease
transmission.
Environment
“how” the disease is transmitted
and must have a specific
relationship to the agent, the
environment, and the host.
Vectors
What does the acronym BEINGS stands for?
Biologic factors and Behavioral factors
Environmental factors
Immunologic factors
Nutritional factors
Genetic factors
Services, Social factors, and Spiritual factors
It is the most difficult to change
Genetic Factors
It is the easiest to change
Immunological Factors
It is the genetic change in the influenza virus are major
Antigenic Shift
It is the genetic change in the influenza virus are major
Antigenic Drift
protects immunized individuals but also prevents that person from transmitting the disease to others.
Herd Immunity
Polio remains endemic in only three countries
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria
Which began in England about the middle of the century, was the most important factor in reducing infant mortality.
Sanitary Revolution
Variation in the severity of a disease process
Iceberg phenomenon
is the process of identifying the nature and cause of a disease through evaluation of clinical history, review of symptoms, examination, or testing.
Diagnosis
frequently are used to determine the most effective treatment in a given situation.
Clinical Epidemiology
frequently are used to determine the most effective treatment in a given situation.
Clinical Epidemiology
The combined efforts of two or more entities to produce a greater effect than what the overall effect would be if each entity worked independently.
Synergism
Surveillance, observation, hypothesis testing, analytic research, and experiment.
Study
Refers to the analysis of time, persons, places, and classes of people affected.
Distribution
Characterizing health events by time, places, and person or activities.
Descriptive Epidemiology
Identifying the causes and risk factors for diseases.
Determinants
Include factors that influence health, biological chemical, physical, social, cultural, genetic, and behavioral.
Determinants
Refers to diseases, causes of death, behaviors, such as the use of tobacco, positive health states, reactions to preventive regimes, and provision and use of health services.
Health-Related States and Events
Include those with identifiable characteristics, such as occupational groups.
Specified Populations
Most of the diseases are caused by interactions between.
Causation of the Disease
Knowledge of the disease burden in population is essential for health authorities.
Health Status of the Population
To use limited resources to the best possible effect by identifying priority health programs for prevention and care.
Health Status of the Population
To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of health services.
Evaluatation of Interventions
Refers to collective actions to improve population health.
Public Health
The unit of the study is the cases.
Clinical Medicine
Is concerned with the disease in the individual patient.
Physician
Is concerned with the disease pattern in the entire population.
Epidemiologist
Seeks to diagnosis for which he derives prognosis and prescribes specific treatment.
Physician
