chapter 9 Flashcards
- is the procedure through which inferences about a population are made based on certain characteristics calculated from a sample of data drawn from that population.
-Interferences about a population are made based on certain characteristics calculated from a sample of data drawn from that population.
Statistical interference
-proceeds general assumptions or propositions to specific thoughts
-idea > observation > conclusion
Deductive
-generalization from the data
-observation > analysis > theory
Inductive
formula for analytical geometry
y = mx + b
-the process used to evaluate the strength of evidence from the sample
-method of understanding how reliable one can extrapolate
Hypothesis testing
support hypothesis, when in fact the hypothesis is false
False positive error
-do no support hypothesis, when in fact the hypothesis is true
False negative error
-develop a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
Process of testing a null hypothesis for statistical significance
-states there is no association between the variables
Null hypothesis
-states that there must be a true association between the variables
Alternative hypothesis
-threshold value used to judge whether a test statistic is statistically significant
-represents an acceptable probability of a type I error in a statistical test
-Type 1 is set at 0.05 (5% error only)
alpha level
-probability of obtaining results at least as ex hypothesis test extreme as the observed results of statistical assumptions that null hypothesis is correct
P value
-refers to the probability that a population parameter will fall between a set of values for a certain proportion of times
confidence interval
similar to a two-sample t-test, the average ranks of randomly selected observation from population x and y is similar
Mann-whitney U test
similar to paired t-test, the medium pairwise mean” is equal to zero or close to zero
Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test
