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Biology Y9 > EoY Exam > Flashcards

EoY Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA Extraction step 1

A

Crush
* Breaks open cells and releases the contents.
* (Separates cells and breaks down membrane)

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2
Q

DNA Extraction step 2

A

Filtrate
* Obtain cell content

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3
Q

DNA Extraction step 3

A

Alcohol and protease
* Break down nucleur membrane / histone.

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4
Q

DNA Extraction step 4

A

Ice cold ethanol
* Stops slow enzymes

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5
Q

Histone

A

DNA wrapped around protein

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6
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

A
  • Adenine
  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
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7
Q

Complementary base pairs

A

The matching bases in DNA
* A always pairs with T
* C always pairs with G

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8
Q

Nucleotide

A

A phosphate group, a sugar and a base.
Monoma of DNA.

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9
Q

What is the sugar in DNA called, and what shape is it?

A

Deoxyribose is shaped as a pentagon

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10
Q

What shape is the phosphate group?

A

Sphere

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11
Q

What is DNA?

A

It is a polymer made up of many repeated units called monomers joined in a chain.

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12
Q

What is the polymer made up of?

A

Two strands forming a double helix.

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13
Q

Genes

A

Small sections of DNA on a chromozone. Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids that fold into a specific protein.

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14
Q

Genome

A

The entire genetic material of an organism. A human genome usually contains 46 chromozones.

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15
Q

How many bases form 1 amino acid?

A

A sequence of 3.

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16
Q

Genetic code

A

The order of bases in DNA that determines which genes we have.

17
Q

Transcription

A

The process in which the DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.

18
Q

Translation

A

The process in which mRNA is used to make a protein

19
Q

RNA

A

A single stranded polymer similar to DNA

20
Q

RNA polymerase

A

The enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix

21
Q

Template strand

A

The DNA strand that the RNA polymerase lines up against to “copy”

22
Q

mRNA (messenger RNA)

A

single stranded RNA which carries the genetic code to the ribosome.

23
Q

Ribosome

A

The organelle where protein are formed.

24
Q

Codon

A

Three bases on the mRNA

25
Q

tRNA (transfer RNA)

A

The RNA that carries the amino acids.

26
Q

Anticodon

A

Three bases on tRNA

27
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids (this will eventually fold into a protein).

28
Q

Why is T replaced with U?

A

T is too fragile and it will be destroyed by the enzymes in the cytoplasm. It is replaced by U only in RNA.

29
Q

(DNA) v RNA

A

*Double stranded
*contains a, t, c, g
*cannot leave the nucleus

30
Q

DNA v (RNA)

A

*single stranded
*contains a, u, c, g
*can leave the nucleus

Biology Y9 (3 decks)

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