EOC VOCAB Flashcards
1870s-1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the currupt politics and growing gap between the rich and the power
Technological (second industry) revolution
Based on steel, railroads, electricity, oil-based products
Gilded Age
He was an American inventor that created the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures
Thomas Edison
An economic system in which people are free to operate their businesses as they see fit, with little government interference
Free enterprise system
No government intervention in business
Laissez-Faire
A business that is owned by many investors
Corporation
A process for making steel more efficiently, patented in 1856
Bessemer Process
Accepting the risk of starting and running a business
Entrepreneurship
A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller
Monopoly
A business man that increased his power by gaining control of many different businesses that make up all phases of steel production development
Andrew Carnegie
Creator of Standard Oil Company who made a fortnite on it and joined with competing companies in trust agreements that in other words made a monopoly
John Rockerfeller
A negative term for business leaders that implied they built their fortunes by stealing from the public
Robber Baron
Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party
Political Machines
Representative for or head of the political machine; gained votes for their parties by doing favors for people
Political Boss
The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new locations
Push and Pull factors
US citizens who opposed immigrations b/c they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them
Nativists
Children were viewed as laborers throughout the 19th century. Many children worked on farms, small businesses, mills and factories
Child Labor
An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
Labor Union
Times when workers refuse to work until owners improve conditions
Strikes
A notion held by nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Manifest Destiny
1862 - provided free land in the west as long as the person would settle there and make improvements in five years
Homestead Act
Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah. It linked the eastern railroad system with California’s railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west
Transcontinental Railroad
An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy
Ellis Island
A building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation aloe safety
Tenement
Made appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based off candidates performance on an exam
Pendleton Civil Service Act
1882 - Denied any additional Chinese Laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
Chinese Exclusion Act
Time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform American economically, socially, and politically
Progressive Era
US lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee High school
William Jennings Bryan
Third party political nonevent to address farmers’ plight
Populists
Cause to acquire and conform to American characteristics. For native Americans and Immigrants
Americanization
A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs
Assimilation