Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Eoc Review > Flashcards

Eoc Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of scientific resources are reliable and which are not

A

Reliable sources: edu, .gov, scientific journals

Unreliable: wiki, back of cereal boxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are scientific inferences in biology made?

A

observations, then logical inferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is science

A

an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is pseudoscience

A

Fake science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a theory developed

A

when strong information is consistent but cannot be proven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are theories and laws different

A

Theories cannot be proven, but laws can be proven time and time again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four macromolecules?

A

-Carbohydrates
Proteins
-lipids
-nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary function for carbohydrates?

A

used for energy and structural purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary function of proteins?

A

control reaction rate, help fight diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primary function of lipids?

A

-fat, oils, waxes used to store energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

primary function of nucleic acids?

A

store and transmit hereditary or genetic info (DNA/RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction

A

by lowering the activation energies, which has a dramatic effect on how quickly reactions are completed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to an enzyme if the environment changes?

A

they might slow down chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the cell theory

A

All living things are made up of cells, cells are produced from existing cells, & cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compare and contrast the structures found in plant cells and animal cells

A

Animal cells don’t have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. They are both eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compare and contrast the structures found in prokaryotic cells & in eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotes: smaller and simpler (bacteria)

Eukaryotes: larger and more complex, many specialized structures w/ different jobs (plants, animals, fungi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport

A

Cell membrane in passive transport:
movement of materials across membrane WITHOUT using energy

Cell membrane in active transport:
Movement of materials against a concentration difference that REQUIRES energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the prokaryote structures and their functions?

A

Cell Wall: supporting layer surrounding cell And adding protection.

Cell Membrane: in all cells and regulates what enters and leaves cell.

Cytoplasm: the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus, gives cell it’s shape

Plasmid: found in bacteria and used in DNA to transfer genes between cells

Ribosomes: particles of RNA and protein found in the cytoplasm

Flagella: tail on sperm used for swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the eukaryote structures and their functions?

A

Cell wall: supporting layer surrounding cell and adding protection

Cell membrane: in all cells and regulates what enters and leaves cell

Cytoplasm: the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus, gives cell it’s shape

Nucleus:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain what happens when a cell is placed in the following solutions: hypertonic , hypotonic , and isotonic

A

Hypertonic: shrinks

Hypotonic: gets bigger

Isotonic: stays the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Identify ways a scientific claim is evaluated

A

Journals, critical and logical thinking, scientific arguments, and consideration of alternative explanation

22
Q

Explain how photosynthesis stores energy

A

converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy used by the plant

23
Q

Explain how cellular respiration releases energy

A

Breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

24
Q

What are the reactants for photosynthesis? The products?

A

Glucose O2 oxygen

25
Q

What is the purpose of photosynthesis

A

To convert solar energy into chemical energy

26
Q

What are the reactants for cellular respiration? the products?

A

Oxygen and glucose ATP

27
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A

Release energy for cells from glucose; needs oxygen

28
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Using electrons acceptors other than oxygen

29
Q

What is the function of ATP?

A

Used to store and release energy

30
Q

Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis

A 
Mitosis= is the phase of the cell cycle where cell divisions occur.
Meiosis= produces only sex cells, divides, and sexual production
31
Q

What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

A

Crossing over, 2 cellular divisions

32
Q

What happens during each stage of the cell cycle? (G1, S, G2, M)

A

G1= cell growth
S= DNA replication
G2=preparation for division
M= mitosis

33
Q

What happens during each stage of mitosis? (PMAT?) (cytokinesis?)

A

Prophase- chromosome duplicated

Metaphase- chromos line up across the middle of the cell, spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the centrioles of the cell

Anaphase-centromeres are pulled apart & the chromatids separate to become individual chromosomes, chromos separate into 2 groups

Telophase- chromos spread out into chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms around each cluster of chromos, spindle breaks

Cytokinesis- final step, completely separates daughters from each other

34
Q

Understand that cancer (uncontrolled cell growth) may result from mutations that affect the proteins that regulate the cell cycle

A

Cancer uncontrolled cell growth may result from mutations that affect proteins

35
Q

Describe the process of meiosis including independent assortment and crossing over

A

Homologous pair, crossing over gametes

36
Q

What kind of cells can result from meiosis?

A

Cancer cells

37
Q

What are dominant traits? Recessive traits?

A

Dominant- 1 parent has a dominant allele, the offspring will exhibit that trait

Recessive- allele for the offspring to exhibit the trait

38
Q

What is the P generation? F1 generation? F2 generation?

A

P- first generation
P1- the 1st generation of offspring
F2- when p1 is fertilized

39
Q

What is Mendels law of segregation? Independent assortment?

A

Law of Seg.- separation of alleles during gamete formation gametes combine to form four possible offspring

Independent assort.- alleles will separate independently producing offspring differently from parent

40
Q

Describe the process of DNA replication

A

Before cell can divide it has to make a copy of it’s DNA so that each daughter cell will have a copy

41
Q

What are mutations? Insertions? Deletions? Inversion?

A

Mutations: Heritable changes in genetic info

Insertion: 1 base pair added to DNA strand

Deletions: 3 base pairs removed from DNA strand

42
Q

Explain how mutations may it may not result in a phenotypic change

A

Environmental change can cause rapid phenotypic change

43
Q

Process of transcription? Translation?

A

Transcription: process where DNA strands produce RNA strands (in nucleus) & unzips the DNA strands to produce RNA

Translation: process where ribosomes build proteins in cytoplasm

44
Q

What are the bask components of DNA?

A 
Nucleic acids join to form nucleotides which form DNA. DNA has 4 types of nitrogenous bases: 
     1 adenine 
    2 guanine 
   3 cytosine 
  4 thymine
45
Q

Understand how similarities in the genetic codes of organisms are due to common ancestry & the process of inheritance

A

Genetic codes are a set of rules by which info encoded in genetic materials is translated

46
Q

Explain the possible impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and environment

A

By parental survival and knowledge of the environment

47
Q

How does the fossil record support the theory of evolution?

A

Fossils show that life in the past has progressed in a series of forms

48
Q

How does comparative anatomy support the theory of evolution

A

that various organisms share a common ancestor

49
Q

How does comparative embryology support the theory of evolution?

A

Fish, bird, rabbit and human embryo appear the same in early stages

50
Q

How does biogeography support the theory of evolution?

A

Where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived in the past

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions