Biology Midterm

Question 0

What is pseudoscience?

Answer 0

Fake science; astrology

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

Study of the natural world

Question 2

How is a theory developed?

Answer 2

many different experiments are performed and repeated

Question 3

How are theories and laws different?

Answer 3

• theories are well tested explanations that are constantly revised
• laws are a well supported description that cannot be changed

Question 4

Compare and contrast the structure & function of a compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 4

Compound: contains two types of lenses that magnify an object

Dissecting: used to observe and dissect small organisms

Scanning: creates image of the surface of the object in 3-D

Transmission: Focus electron beam, highest magnification, used to look inside specimen,2-D image

Question 5

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 5

The attraction between water molecules

Question 6

Polar

Answer 6

Polar covalent bond: occurs when electrons are not shared equally

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

The property of water making it attracted to other water molecules via hydrogen bonding

Question 8

Heat Capacity

Answer 8

Because of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, it takes a large amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of the water

Question 9

Cell Wall

Answer 9

strong supporting layer surrounding the cell membrane and provides extra protection

Question 10

Cell Membrane

Answer 10

is in all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

The fluid portion if the cell outside the nucleus, gives the cell it’s shape

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

stores genetic material & controls a cells activities

Question 13

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 13

the membrane that goes around the nucleus

Question 14

Nucleolus

Answer 14

is where the assembly of ribosomes begins

Question 15

Chromatin

Answer 15

a complex of nucleic acids and proteins which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division

Question 16

Ribosome

Answer 16

Ribosomes produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from DNA

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth & rough)

Answer 17

Production and sorting of materials in the cell.
2 parts: Rough- contains ribosomes and is responsible for producing proteins
Smooth- does not contain ribosomes, responsible for synthesis of lipids and detox of drugs

Question 18

Microtubules

Answer 18

renders intercellular shape & involved in locomotion and transport

Question 19

Microfilaments

Answer 19

provide structural support for eukaryotic cells

Question 20

Vacuoles

Answer 20

Store materials like water, salt, and carbs

Question 21

What are the 4 basic macromolecules?

Answer 21

1 Carbohydrates
2 Proteins
3 Lipids
4 Nucleic Acids

Question 22

Carbohydrates

Answer 22

plants & animals use carbs as their main source of energy. also use for structural purposes.

Question 23

Lipids

Answer 23

can be used to store energy when you run out of carbs.

Question 24

Nucleic Acids

Answer 24

store and transmit hereditary or genetic info; DNA & RNA

Question 25

Proteins

Answer 25

control the rate of reactions, form cellular structures, & help fight diseases

Question 26

How do enzymes speed up the rate of biochemical reaction?

Answer 26

they lower the activation energy

Question 27

What happens to an enzyme if the environment changes?

Answer 27

any change will decrease the rate of an enzyme

Question 28

Explain the cell theory

Answer 28

• All living things are made up of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
• New cells are produced from existing cells