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QL5 > EO 007 - GI/GU > Flashcards

EO 007 - GI/GU Flashcards

1
Q

What is nausea?

ppt 007.01

A

Unpleasant sensation of immediate need to vomit.

Slide 11*

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2
Q

How does nausea/vomiting present?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Hypersalivation
  • Repetitive swallowing
  • Tachycardia

Slide 11*

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3
Q

What CNS component is involved with nausea and vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A

Vomiting center in medulla.

Slide 12

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4
Q

What pathways are involved with triggering the vomiting center?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Peripheral
  • Vestibular
  • Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
  • Cortex

Slide 12

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5
Q

What management options exist for nausea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Antiemetics
  • Hygeine
  • Tx of underlying condition

Slide 13

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6
Q

What is vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A

Forceful expulsion of gastric contents.

Slide 14

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7
Q

What are some associated symptoms with vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Pain
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • CNS

Slide 15

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8
Q

What are some disorders that can cause vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Esophageal disorder
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Gastric outlet obstruction
  • Large bowl obstruction
  • Upper GI bleed

Slide 16

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9
Q

What are management options for vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Tx of underlying condition
  • Antiemetics
  • BRATS diet
  • Hydration

Slide 18

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10
Q

What is diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A

Sudden onset of increased water content in stool

Slide 19*

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11
Q

Whats the difference between acute and chronic diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A

Acute: >3 BM / day for less than 3 weeks
Chronic: >3 BM / day for more than 3 weeks

Slide 19*

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12
Q

What are red flags of diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Blood / abnormal mucus
  • Fever
  • Immunocompromised / elderly
  • Persistent
  • Pre-existing medical condition
  • Antibiotic use
  • Severe / worsening

Slide 21*

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13
Q

What are the 4 basic mechanisms of diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Increased intestinal secretion
  • Decreased intestinal absorption
  • Increased osmotic load
  • Abnormal intestinal motility

Slide 22*

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14
Q

What are the typical causes of diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Viral
  • Bacterial
  • Drug
  • Parasite
  • Fungal
  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Traveller’s diarrhea.

Slide 24

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15
Q

What causes Traveller’s diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A

Consumption of contaminated food and drink.

Slide 27

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16
Q

What is constipation?

ppt 007.01

A

Infrequent or unsatisfactory defecation, fewer than 3 times per week

Slide 30

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17
Q

What are the 3 classes of constipation?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Normal Transit
  • Dyssynergic Defecation
  • Slow Transit

Slide 33

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18
Q

What are reds flags of constipation?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Lasting >2 weeks
  • No BM > 7 days with laxative
  • Chronic medical conditions
  • Blood / mucus
  • Fever
  • Signs of anemia
  • Severe pain
  • Recent abdo surgery
  • Moderate to extreme thirst
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fx of colon cancer
  • Abnormal / excessive vomiting

Slide 35

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19
Q

What are management options for constipation?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Fiber / laxatives
  • MO / PA
  • MELs

Slide 37

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20
Q

What is a hemorrhoid?

ppt 007.01

A

Internal or external hemorrhoidal plexus becoming engorged, prolapsed, or thrombosed.

Slide 39

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21
Q

What is the clinical presentation or unthrombosed external hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Painless with traces of blood on surface of stool or toilet paper.

Slide 41

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22
Q

What is the clinical presentation of thrombosed external hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Painful/burning sensation, severe at time of defectation.

Slide 42

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23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of internal hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Typically painless, possibly palpable on digital exam (MO only)

Slide 43

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24
Q

List and describe the grades of internal hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Grade 1 - Luminal protrusion above dentate line, not prolapsed.
Grade 2 - Prolapsed with spontaneous reduction
Grade 3 - Prolapse requiring manual reduction
Grade 4 - Prolapse unable to be reduced, can result in edema and strangulation

Slide 44 - 47

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25
Q

What is the treatment for Grade 1 - 3 hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Refer to MO
  • Manual reduction
  • Sitz bath
  • Local anesthetics
  • Steroids ointments
  • Fiber
  • Barrier cream

Slide 49. Refer to MO for Grade 4

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26
Q

What is GERD?

ppt 007.01

A

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease, reflux of gastric contents into esophagus.

Slide 52

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27
Q

What are symptoms of GERD?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Heartburn
  • Chest discomfort
  • Painful swallowing
  • Acid regurgitation
  • Hypersalivation
  • Worse after meals / head down
  • Relieved with antacids

Slide 53

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28
Q

What is the treatment plan for GERD?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Antacids
  • Enhance upper tract motility
  • Eliminate risk factors
  • Avoid irritants
  • Avoid eating before bed

Slide 54

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29
Q

What is dyspepsia?

ppt 007.01

A

Chronic or recurrent epigastric pain, postprandial fullness, or early satiety.

Slide 55

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30
Q

What are the classifications of dyspepsia?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Functional
  • Idiopathic
  • Non-ulcerative Dyspepsia (NUD)

Slide 55

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31
Q

What are the causes of dyspepsia?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Idiopathic (60%)
  • Peptic ulcer (15% - 25%)
  • Reflux esophagitis (5% - 15%)
  • Gastric esophageal cancer (2%)

Slide 56

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32
Q

What is H. Pylori?

ppt 007.01

A

A flagellated spiral gram-negative bacteria living between mucous gel and mucosa. Produces urease.

Slide 58

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33
Q

What are signs/symptoms of H. Pylori?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Dyspepsia
  • Burning/sharp/dull/aching epigastric pain
  • Pain may keep patient awake at night
  • Relief with ingestion of milk/antacids

Slide 59

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34
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing H. Pylori?

ppt 007.01

A

Visualizing ulcer with upper GI endoscopy.

Slide 60

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35
Q

What is upper GI bleeding?

ppt 007.01

A

Bleeding in or superior to stomach.

Slide 62

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36
Q

What are signs/symptoms of upper GI bleeding?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Black tar-like or bloody stool
  • Blood in vomit

Slide 62

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37
Q

What is the treatment plan for upper GI bleeds?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Immediate resuscitative measures
  • Airway management anticipation
  • Endoscopy
  • Drug therapy
  • Balloon tamponade
  • Surgery

Slide 66

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38
Q

What is lower GI bleeding?

ppt 007.01

A

Loss of blood from the GI tract distal/inferior of the Treitz ligament.

Treated as potentially life threatening

Slide 68

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39
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a lower GI bleed?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Hematochezia
  • Melena
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
  • Angina
  • Syncope
  • Weakness
  • Altered Mental Status

Slide 69 (nice)

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40
Q

What are some causes for lower GI bleed?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Diverticulosis
  • Vascular Ecstasia
  • Mesenteric Ischemia
  • Meckel Diverticulum

Slide 70

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41
Q

What is appendicitis?

ppt 007.01

A

Luminal obstruction of the vermiform appendix causing intraluminal pressure, vascular insufficiency, and inflammation.

Slide 74

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42
Q

What are signs/symptoms of appendicitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • General malaise
  • Indigestion
  • Anorexia
  • Periumbilical/central abdo pain
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Fever
  • Flank pain
  • Dysuria
  • Hematuria

Slide 75

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43
Q

What are some positive exam findings for acute appendicitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Abdominal rigidity
  • Positive psoas
  • Fever/malaise
  • Rebound tenderness
  • Abdominal guarding

Slide 77

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44
Q

What are some diagnostic tests that can indicate appendicitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Blood test for WBC, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  • Urinalysis
  • Pelvic exam and pregnancy test for women of child-bearing age
  • X-Ray

Slide 78

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45
Q

What is acute cholecystitis?

ppt 007.01

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder, typically due to gallstones.

Slide 81

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46
Q

What are some signs/symptoms of acute cholecystitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • RUQ pain
  • Radiation of pain to upper left back
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diaphoresis
  • Fever

Slide 82

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47
Q

What ois biliary colic?

ppt 007.01

A

Pain lasting 1 - 5 hours possibly with nausea/vomiting and referred pain.

Slide 85

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48
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

ppt 007.01

A

Inflammatory process of pancreas that may involve surrounding tissue and remote organ systems.

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49
Q

What are the biggest causes of acute pancreatitis?

ppt 007.01

A

Gallstones and alcohol use

Slide 90

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50
Q

What is diverticulitis?

ppt 007.01

A

Inflammation of diverticula within the colon.

Slide 95

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51
Q

What are classic signs of diverticulitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • LLQ abdominal pain
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis

Slide 96

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52
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

ppt 007.01

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, presents as mild, moderate, or severe

Slide 101

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53
Q

What is the presentation of mild ulcerative colitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Fewer than 4 BM / day (isn’t that normal?)
  • No systemic symptoms
  • Constipation and rectal bleeding

Slide 105

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54
Q

What is the presentation of moderate ulcerative colitis?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Fewer than 4 BM / day (isn’t that normal?)
  • No systemic symptoms
  • Constipation and rectal bleeding
  • involves splenic flexture

Slide 106

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55
Q

What is the presentation of severe ulcerative colitis?

ppt EO 007.01

A
  • Frequent BM
  • Anemia / weight loss
  • Fever
  • Low serum albumin
  • Pancolitis
  • Tachycardia

Slide 107

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56
Q

What is Crohn’s Disease?

ppt EO 007.01

A

Chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the GI tract

Slide 110 - Ileum most affected, but can be mouth-to-anus

57
Q

What are S/S specific to Crohn’s disease that can present?

ppt EO 007.01

A
  • Perianal fissures / fistulas
  • Abscesses
  • Rectal prolapse

Slide 111

58
Q

What are some clinical findings that can help diagnose Crohn’s disease?

ppt EO 007.01

A
  • Bowel wall thickening
  • Mesenteric edema
  • Local abscess formation

Slide 112

59
Q

What are some indicators that can differentiate esophageal pain from cardiac pain?

ppt EO 007.01

A
  • Spontaneous
  • Pain at night
  • Regurgitation
  • Odynophagia
  • Dysphagia
  • Meal-induced heartburn

Slide 115

60
Q

What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

EO 007.02

A

Significant bacteriuria in the urine with presence of symptoms

Slide 8

61
Q

What are the three location-based typed of UTI?

EO 007.02

A
  • Urethritis (urethra)
  • Cystitis (bladder)
  • Pyleonephritis (kidney)

Slide 8

62
Q

What is a complicated UTI?

EO 007.02

A

Infection involving a functionally or anatomically abnormal urinary tract placing pt at serious risk.

Slide 10

63
Q

What is an uncomplicated UTI?

EO 007.02

A

Infection without abnormalities or relevant comorbities

Slide 10

64
Q

What are common management strategies for both genders?

EO 007.02

A
  • Hydration
  • Prophylactic antibiotic treatment
  • Sterile technique with catheters
  • Cranberry juice apparently is scientific
  • Discontinue sexual activity until cured

Slide 12 - Starred

65
Q

What are common management strategies for women WRT UTIs

EO 007.02

A
  • Urination after intercourse
  • Avoid scented gential hygeine products
  • Wipe front to back
  • Culture/labs if UTI during pregnancy

Slide 12 - Starred

66
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

EO 007.02

A

Infection of upper urinary tract and kidney. Acute and Chronic

Slide 15

67
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic pyelonephritis

EO 007.02

A

Acute: Syndrome caused by infection of parenchyma and renal pelvis.

Chronic: Progressive inflammation of renal interstitium and tubules typically in pts with anatomic abnormalities due to reflux of urine into renal pelvis.

Slide 15 - MCpl says

68
Q

What are S/S specific to pyelonephritis?

EO 007.02

A
  • Flank pain
  • Dysuria
  • Increased frequency/urgency
  • Suprapubic discomfort
  • Gross hematuria

Slide 16

69
Q

What are renal calculi?

EO 007.02

A

Kidney stones, solid particles within the urinary system.

Slide 21

70
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

EO 007.02

A

Swelling of a kidney due to build-up of urine due to obstruction.

Slide 21

71
Q

What is a staghorn?

EO 007.02

A

A kidney stone too large to pass on it’s own, often without pain but presents with decreased kidney function.

Slide 21

72
Q

What are risk factors for renal calculi?

EO 007.02

A
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Renal calcium/phosphate leak
  • Hyperuricosuria
  • Hyperoxaluria
  • Hypocitraturia
  • Hypomagnesuria

Slide 24

73
Q

What are common management strategies of non-emergent renal calculi?

EO 007.02

A
  • IV hydration
  • Pain control
  • Antiemetics
  • Antibiotics
  • Antidiuretic

Slide 28

74
Q

What management strategies would be prioritized in emergent renal calculi?

EO 007.02

A
  • Correcting dehydration
  • Treating UTI
  • Prevent scarring
  • Reduce kidney injury

Slide 28

75
Q

What is candida vaginitis?

EO 007.02

A

Superficial fungal infection involving vulva, anus, or other mucus membrane.

Slide 32

76
Q

What are risk factors for candida vaginitis?

EO 007.02

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Estrogen therapy
  • Constrictive/synthetic garments
  • Poor hygeine
  • Immunosuppresents
  • Antibiotics

Slide 33 - Bolded: generally when normal vaginal flora is disrupted

77
Q

What is the most common and specific symptom for candida vaginitis?

EO 007.02

A

Vaginal pruritis

Slide 34

78
Q

What are S/S of candida vaginitis in women?

EO 007.02

A
  • Pruritis
  • Excoriation
  • Fissures
  • Vesicles
  • Erosion
  • Irritation
  • White thick discharge

Slide 34

79
Q

What are S/S of candida vaginitis in men?

EO 007.02

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Slight discharge
  • Irritation and soreness of glans

Slide 34

80
Q

What is epididymitis?

EO 007.02

A

Inflammation of the epididymis

Slide 40

81
Q

What is the most common cause of epididymis?

EO 007.02

A

Retrograde extension of organisms from prostate or urethra via vas deferens

Slide 40

82
Q

What are S/S of epididymitis?

EO 007.02

A
  • Urethral discharge
  • abdo/inguinal/scrotal/testicular pain
  • UTI s/s
  • Cloudy urine
  • Swollen scrotum
  • Palpable scrotal mass

Slide 41

83
Q

What is acute prostitis

EO 007.02

A

Bacterial infection causing infection of prostate gland

Slide 46

84
Q

What are S/S of acute prostatitis?

EO 007.02

A
  • LBP
  • Perineal tenderness
  • Rectal sphincter spasm
  • Prostatic tenderness
  • Urinary issues
  • Pain with ejaculation
  • Fever/chills

Slide 48

85
Q

What is testicular tortion?

EO 007.02

A

My secret kink

Tortion of the testiesor spermatic cord from abnormal fixation within the tunica vaginalis

Slide 52

86
Q

What is important to remember about testicular tortion?

EO 007.02

A

Possibility of infarction and infertility, it is treated as a surgical emergency

Slide 53

87
Q

What is phimosis?

EO 007.02

A

Phimosis: fibrous constriction of foreskin preventing retraction. Associated with balanitis.

Slide 61

88
Q

What is balanitis and balanoposthitis

EO 007.02

A

Balanitis: inflammation of skin covering glans
Balanopostitis: inflammation of glans and prepuce

Slide 61

89
Q

What is paraphimosis?

EO 007.02

A

Retracted foreskin develops a fixed constriction proximal of glans.

Slide 64

90
Q

What is condyloma acuminata?

EO 007.02

A

Manifestations of HPV infection within genital skin.

Slide 69 (nice. but warts, not nice)

91
Q

What is the presentation of condyloma acuminata?

EO 007.02

A

Flesh-coloured slightly erythematous or hyper-pigmented papules with a cauliflower shape

Slide 70

92
Q

What is syphilis?

EO 007.02

A

Infection caused by treponema pallidum

Slide 78

93
Q

List the stages of syphilis.

EO 007.02

A

Primary - Initial stage
Secondary - 3 - 6 weeks after initial stage
Tertiary - Occurs 3 - 20 years after initial stage

Slide 79

94
Q

What are S/S of initial stage syphilis?

EO 007.02

A
  • Painless chancre
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Incubation of 21 days
  • Self-limiting lesions

Slide 80

95
Q

What are S/S of secondary stage syphilis?

A
  • Rash/lesion that can spread on hands/feet
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Sore throat, malaise, fever, HA, myalgia
  • Patchy alopecia

Slide 81

96
Q

What are S/S of tertiary syphilis?

EO 007.02

A
  • Involvement of nervous and cadriovascular systems
  • Widespread granulomatous lesions
  • Meningitis
  • Dementia
  • Neuropathy
  • Thoracic aneurysm

Slide 82

97
Q

What are some common management strategies for syphilis?

EO 007.02

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Treat sexual partners
  • Avoid intercourse until Tx complete
  • ## Retreat for recurrent S/S

Slide 84

98
Q

What is a trichomona?

EO 007.02

A

A flagellated pear-shaped protozoan parasyite causing urogenital infections. Mostly affecting women.

Slide 87 - considered STI (slide 88)

99
Q

What is the clinical presentation of trichimona in women?

EO 007.02

A
  • Onset/worsening of symptoms during menstruation
  • Yellow/green vaginal discharge
  • Vulvovaginal irritation
  • Dysuria

Slide 89

100
Q

What is the clinical presentation of trichomona in men?

EO 007.02

A
  • Asymptomatic 80% of time
  • Urethral discharge
  • Dysuria
  • Epididymitis

Slide 92

101
Q

What is chlamydia?

EO 007.02

A

Infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterial parasite.

Slide 98

102
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chlamydia in men?

EO 007.02

A
  • Mild dysuria
  • Clear discharge in morning
  • Epididymitis
  • Reiter syndrome

Develops between 7 - 28 days

Slide 99*

103
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chlamydia in women?

EO 007.02

A
  • Urethral / vaginal discharge
  • Pelvic pain
  • Bleeding inbetween menstrual cycles
  • Dysuria

Slide 99*

104
Q

What is gonorrhea?

A

STI caused by Neisseria Gonorrhroeae

Slide 105

105
Q

What’s incubation time for gonorrhea?

ppt EO 007.02

A

7 - 14 days

Slide 105

106
Q

What is the clinical presentation of gonorrhea?

ppt EO 007.02

A
  • Mostly asymptomatic
  • Mucopirulent discharge
  • Dysuria

Slide 106

107
Q

What is the clinical presentation of anal gonorrhea?

ppt EO 007.02

A
  • Mild to severe rectal pain
  • Profuse yellow or bloody discharge
  • Pruritis
  • Tenesmus
  • Involvement of cardiovascular, hepatic, nervous, and synovial systems

Slide 108

108
Q

What are genital herpes?

ppt EO 007.02

A

Infection by herpes simplex type I or II

Slide 113

109
Q

How is herpes simplex mainly spread?

ppt EO 007.02

A

Viral shedding in persons unaware they are infected. 60% - 70% HS-II asymptomatic or don’t recognize symptoms

Slide 114*

110
Q

What is the clinical presentation of genital herpes?

ppt EO 007.02

A
  • Rash
  • Fever/HA
  • Dysuria in females
  • Dyspareunia
  • Inguinal adenopathy
  • Lesions/vesciles

Typically heals 7 - 10 days

Slide 115

111
Q

How long can viral shedding with herpes last?

ppt EO 007.02

A

10 - 12 days after onset of rash

Slide 115

112
Q

What are common management strategies for genital warts?

ppt EO 007.02

A

Treatment hastens recovery, doesn’t cure
- Burrow’s solution / Sitz bath
- Ice packs
- Analgesics
- Avoid physical contact
- Rest if systemic symptoms

Slide 117

113
Q

What are useful questions for sexual health Hx?

ppt EO 007.02

A
  • Partners within last 3 months incl. number, gender, their sexual Hx
  • Precautions/prevention
  • History of previous STIs

Slide 122*

114
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

ppt EO 007.03

A

A pregnancy occurring when the zygote implants outside the uterine cavity

Vast majority - fallopian tube
Cervix
Ovary
Abdomen

Slide 6

115
Q

In an ectopic pregnancy, when does the structure containing the fetus typically rupture?

ppt EO 007.03

A

6 - 16 weeks

Slide 8

116
Q

Why is a rupture in an ectopic pregnancy dangerous?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Can cause hemorrhagic shock, more developed fetus = higher risk of death

Slide 8

117
Q

What are the major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Hx of tubal surgery
  • Use of IUD
  • Assisted reproduction techniques
  • Previous ectopic pregnancy

Slide 9

118
Q

What is the triad of symptoms for ectopic pregnancy?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  1. Abdo pain
  2. Vaginal bleeding (minimal/spotting)
  3. Amenorrhea (abnormal/missed menstrual cycle)

Slide 10

119
Q

What are possible treatments for ectopic pregnancy?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Expectant management
  • Medical treatment of methotrexate
  • Surgery

Slide 13

120
Q

What is methotrexate?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Drug recommended as medical alternative to surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Slide 14

121
Q

What are the surgeries for ectopic pregnancy?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Salpingostomy (removal of ectopic fetus)
  • Salpingectomy (removal of fetus and fallopian tube)

Slide 17

122
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Infection of upper female genital tract. Common and serious.

Slide 20

123
Q

What two infections most often cause PID?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Gonorrhea and chlamydia

Slide 21

124
Q

What are risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Multiple partners
  • Hx of STI or PID
  • Hx sexual abuse
  • IUD insertion within 20 days
  • Adolescent / young adult

Slide 22

125
Q

What is the clinical presentation of PID?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Lower abdo pain, increase on mvmt or sexual activity
  • Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding
  • Irritative voiding symptoms
  • Systemic (fever, nausea / vomiting, etc)

Slide 24

126
Q

What is abnormal vaginal bleeding?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Any vaginal bleeding occuring outside the regular cycle.

ppt EO 007.03

127
Q

What are the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  1. Menstrual phase, Day 1 - 4
  2. Follicular / proliferation phase. Day 5 - 14
  3. Ovulation phase, Day 15
  4. Luteal phase, day 15 - 28

Slide 29

128
Q

What are ovarian cysts?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Cysts in the ovaries.

Slide 34

129
Q

What are the four types of ovarian cysts?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  1. Functional (benign)
  2. Dermoid
  3. Endometriomas
  4. Cystadenomas

Slide 34

130
Q

What are the types of functional cysts?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  1. Graafian follicle
  2. Corpus luteum
  3. Hemorrhagic cyst

These are part of the menstrual cycle

Slide 35

131
Q

What are dermoid cysts?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Growths filled with fatty material, hair, teeth, bone, and cartilage

Slide 38

132
Q

What are endometrioma cysts?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Collections of endometrium-like material on the outside of the ovary. Respond to horomone stimulation

Slide 39

133
Q

What are cystadenomas?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Cysts developing from cells on outer surface of ovary

Slide 40

134
Q

What is the clinical presentation of ovarian cysts?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Sudden onset unilateral pelvic pain
  • Possible vaginal bleeding
  • Adnexal fullness
  • Nausea / vomiting
  • Can be asymptomatic

Slide 42 (the answer to life, the universe, and everything)

135
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

ppt EO 007.03

A

Severe, life-threatening syndrome resulting from toxins of S. Aureus bacteria.

Slide 45

136
Q

What are the conditions promoting an increased amount of toxins produced by S. Aureus?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  1. Temp 39 - 40 degrees Celsius
  2. Neutral pH
  3. Partial pressure of oxygen > 5%
  4. Supplemental carbon dioxide

ppt EO 007.03

137
Q

What are risk factors for toxic shock syndrome?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Current menstruation
  • Cutaneous lesions
  • Recent surgery
  • Postpartum / postabortion status

Slide 48

138
Q

When would you consider toxic shock syndrome?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Unexplained febrile illness with erythroderma, hypotension, diffuse organ patholoy
  • Between 3rd and 5th day of menstrual cycle
  • 2 days post-operative

Slide 49

139
Q

What is the clinical presentation of severe toxic shock syndrome?

ppt EO 007.03

A
  • Headache
  • Hypotension
  • Fever
  • Desquamation of skin
  • Hyperemia
  • bunch of other stuff, see slide

Severe toxic shock syndrome is acute onset of multisystem signs and symptoms.

Slide 51

QL5 (13 decks)

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