Enzymes & Digestion Flashcards
Enzymes
- Protein
- Biological catalyst,
- Speeds up RoR
How is the ileum adapted for digestion
- Lots of small projection, villus, maximises SA
- Lots of mitochondria, provides energy for active transport
Active Site
Where enzyme substrate complexes form
What does catalysts do?
- They lower the activation energy of a reaction
- They won’t get used up
Four Factors Affecting Rate of Enzyme Reactions
- Temperature
- pH
- Substrate Concentration
- Enzyme Concentration
What are the four factors affecting enzymes activity?
- Temp
- pH
- Substrate concentration
- Enzyme concentration
Two types of digestion
Chemical and mechanical
How does temperature affect Rate of Enzyme Reaction
- More kinetic energy, more enzyme substrate complexes formed
- If too high enzymes denature
How does pH affect Rate of Enzyme Reaction
- Works best at optimum pH
- Too low enzymes denature
- Too high enzymes denature
How does Substrate Concentration affect Rate of Enzyme Reaction
- the higher the conc
- more collisions
- the faster the reaction
- Increased number of collision
- Eventually enzymes will become limiting factors
Enzymes and substrates form:
Enzyme-substrate complex
Mechanical digestion
- The physical breakdown of food
- Creates a large surface area for the enzymes to work
Chemical digestion
Breakdown of large molecules to small soluble molecules using enzymes
How does Enzyme Concentration affect Rate of Enzyme Reaction
- more enzymes to make enzyme substrate complexes
- Increased number of collision
- Eventually substrate number will become limiting factors
Peristalsis
- Contraction of muscles
- To move food
- E.G in Oesophagus
