Enzymes And Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main types of food molecule?

A

Starch, protein and fat

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2
Q

Why do enzymes have to break up large food molecules?

A

So that the molecules can pass easily through the walls of the digestive system

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3
Q

What enzyme is used to break down starch molecules?

A

Amylase

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4
Q

Where is the enzyme amylase made?

A
  • the salivary glands
  • the pancreas
  • the small intestine
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5
Q

What does amylase break starch down into?

A

Maltose (and other sugars)

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6
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein molecules?

A

Protease

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7
Q

Where are protease enzymes produced?

A
  • the stomach (where it’s call pepsin)
  • the pancreas
  • the small intestine
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8
Q

What do protease enzymes break protein molecules down into?

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

What enzyme breaks down fat molecules?

A

Lipase

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10
Q

Where are lipase enzymes created?

A
  • the pancreas

- the small intestine

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11
Q

What do lipase enzymes break fat molecules down into?

A
  • glycerol

- fatty acids

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12
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats and oils

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13
Q

What is the role of the salivary glands within the digestive system?

A

Produce amylase enzymes in the saliva

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14
Q

What is the role of the liver within the digestive system?

A

Produces bile which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat

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15
Q

What is the role of the gall bladder within the digestive system?

A

Stores and releases bile into the small intestine

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16
Q

What is the role of the stomach within the digestive system?

A
  • pummels food with muscular walls
  • produces protease enzymes
  • produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for protease enzymes to function
17
Q

What is the role of the pancreas’ within the digestive system?

A

Produces and release protease, amylase and lipase enzymes into the small intestine

18
Q

What is the role of the small intestines within the digestive system?

A
  • produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
  • this is where digested food is absorbed into the blood
19
Q

What is the role of the large intestine within the digestive system?

A

Absorbs excess water from food

20
Q

What is the role of the rectum within the digestive system?

A

Where the faeces are stored before they are excreted through the anus

21
Q

What is the main purpose of digestive enzymes?

A

To break down large food molecules into smaller molecules