enzymes and digestion Flashcards
what are enzymes?
catalysts produced by living things
what is a catalyst
a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction
what are enzymes made up of?
chains of ammino acids, the are large proteins
explain lock and key theory
every enzyme has a specific active site shape that fits into a substrate and allows it to be broken down
what 2 things effect the rate of enzymatic reactions?
temperature and pH
how do you calculate the rate of a reaction?
Rate = 1000/TIME OR CHANGE/TIME
What does amylase break down?
Starch
where is amylase made?
salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
what does protease break down?
proteins
Where is protease made?
pancreas, stomach, small intestine
what is protease in the stomach called?
pepsin
what does lipase break down?
lipids
where is lipase made?
pancreas, small intestine
where is bile made?
liver
where is bile stored?
gall bladder
what does bile do?
neutralises stomach acid ( its alkaline )
emulsifies fats
what does hydrochloric acid do in the stomach?
kills bacteria, gives the right pH for pepsin ( pH 2 )
where does the pancreas release enzymes
small intestine
what does the large intestine do?
absorbs excess water from foods
what does the small intestine do?
digested food and nutrients is absorbed out of the digestive system and into the blood
