Cell Biology Flashcards
name the 5 parts of an animal cell
- nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Name the 3 unique parts of a plant cell
- Rigid cell wall
- Permanent Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What type of cells are bacteria
Prokaryotes
What normal cell structures do bacteria not have?
chloroplasts & mitochondria
name 2 unique structures in a bacterial cell
- circular strand of DNA
- Plasmids
Give the equation to calculate magnification
magnification = image size / real size
How do you prepare a slide?
- Add a drop of water to clean the slide
- Prep your subject
- Place the subject on the centre of the slide
- If the subject is clear then add a drop of iodine stain
- place a small cover slip on top of the subject.
Name 6 components to a microscope
- eyepiece
- Coarse Adjustment nob
- Fine adjustment nob
- high and low power objective lenses
- stage
- Light
what is differentiation?
the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
Name 5 specialised cells:
- Sperm Cells
- Nerve Cells
- Muscle Cells
- Root Hair Cells
- Phloem and Xylem Cells
What are chromosomes?
coiled up lengths of DNA molecules which contain your genetic information. Each chromosome contains many genes
How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human body?
23
What is it called where a cell divides?
Mitosis
why is mitosis used by multicellular organisms?
to grow or replace cells that have been damaged
Explain the cell cycle
- cell grows and increases number of mitochondria and ribosomes
- It then duplicates its DNA.
MITOSIS: - The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
- Membranes form around each set of chromosomes which become the nuclei of the 2 daughter cells
- lastly the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.
What happens in Binary Fission?
Cell splits into 2
What types of cells use binary fission?
Prokaryotic Cells
Explain Binary Fission
- Circular DNA and plasmids replicate
- cell gets bigger and DNA strands move to opposite poles of the cell
- Cytoplasm begins to divide and a new cell wall begins to form
- cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells have been made.
What are stem cells?
undifferentiated cells
Where are stem cells found
Early developed human Embryos
Where are adult stem cells found?
bone marrow
what are the negatives to bone marrow stem cells?
they can’t turn into any cell type, only certain ones e.g. blood cells
How can stem cells help someone?
They can be used to make blood cells for someone who needs healthy blood cells. Or, replace faulty cells.
What is therapeutic cloning?
An embryo is cultured to have the same genetic information as a patient so that any stem cells made cannot be rejected by the patient.
