Enzymes And Digestion Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.
What does the enzyme amylase breakdown?
Starch - glucose
What does the enzymes protease break down?
Proteins - amino acids
What does the enzyme lipase break down?
Lipids - glycerol and fatty acids
What is the hypothesis called where an enzyme and the substrate join to form an enzyme-substrate complex?
The lock and key hypothesis
Where does the substrate attach to the enzyme?
The active site
What does denaturalising of an enzyme do?
Alters the shape of the enzymes active site preventing the enzyme from functioning.
What denatures an enzyme?
Excessive heat
Extremes of pH
What is the enzymes optimum temperature?
The temperature at which there activity is greatest
What is an inhibitor?
what does it do?
Molecules that fit into the active site of the enzyme but are not broken down.
Prevents the substrate from entering the active site.
What is digestion?
The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules of food into smaller soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream
What are the adaptions of the ileum for absorption?
It has a long length and contains villi- increase the surface area for absorption
Villi contains blood vessels - to carry away absorbed nutrients
Villi contains lacteals - To carry away absorbed products of fat digestion.
The walls are one cell thick - to form a short diffusion distance.
What enzymes are produced in the pancreas?
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
