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Biology > Ecological Relationships And Energy Flow > Flashcards

Ecological Relationships And Energy Flow Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an abiotic factor?

A

Non-living factor

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2
Q

Name three abiotic factors

A

Temperature
Light intensity
Humidity
Soil pH

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3
Q

Name three biotic factors

A

Predators
Competition
Disease

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4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

A measure of the number of different species living in an area

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5
Q

What are producers?

A

Plants
Make their own food by photosynthesis

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6
Q

What do the arrows on a food chain show?

A

The direction of energy flow/ the transfer of energy

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7
Q

What are the different stages on a good chain called?

A

Trophies levels

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8
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An organism that feeds on plant and animal material

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9
Q

Give an example of a herbivore:

A

Rabbit
Cow
Horse
Donkey
Snail
Sheep

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10
Q

Name two advantages of a pyramid of numbers:

A

They are simple to construct
There is no need to kill the organisms

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11
Q

Name a disadvantage of a pyramid of numbers:

A

It takes no account of the size of the organism

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12
Q

Name an advantage of a pyramid of biomass:

A

It takes size into account

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13
Q

Name a disadvantage of a pyramid of biomass:

A

It involves killing the organisms

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14
Q

How is energy lost at each tropic level?

A

Growth
Movement
Heat
Reproduction
Excretion

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15
Q

How is some energy lost at trophic level 1?

A

Some sunlight doesn’t land on the plant
Some sunlight passes through the leaf

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16
Q

What are quadrants used to sample?

A

Plant species or slow moving animals like snails

17
Q

Why is it necessary to use random sampling?

A

To avoid bias

18
Q

What is a belt transect used to sample?

A

Habitats where there is a gradual change

19
Q

What is a poorer and a sweep net used to collect?

A

Small invertebrates

20
Q

Name two saprophytic decomposes:

A

Bacteria
Fungi

21
Q

How do saprophytic bacteria and fungi absorb nutrients from dead waste?

A

They eat the food source
Secrete digestive enzymes onto material
Enzymes break down (digest) organic material
Products of digestion are absorbed by the bacteria/fungi

22
Q

What is the term for digestion that occurs outside cells?

A

Extracellular digestion

23
Q

What is combustion?

A

Burning fossil fuels which releases Carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

24
Q

What is fossilisation?

A

Dead plants and animals fossilise under certain condition to produce coal, oil and gas

25
Q

Name two ways we can reduce global warming:

A

Plant more trees
Reducing deforestation
Burning less fossil fuels (use alternative fuels)
Becoming more energy efficient

26
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

Nitrogen gas is converted into nitrates
(Carried out by nitrogen fixing bacteria)

27
Q

What is Nitrification?

A

Ammonia/ammonium compounds are converted into nitrates (carried out by nitrifying bacteria)

28
Q

What is denitrification?

A

Nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas (carried out by denitrifying bacteria)

29
Q

How do plants obtain nitrates form the soil?

A

Through root hair cells, by active uptake/ transport

30
Q

What is magnesium needed for in a plant?

A

To make chlorophyll

31
Q

What are nitrates needed for in a plant?

A

For protein production

32
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

Water pollution

33
Q

What is it called when fertiliser is washed off by rainwater into lakes/rivers?

A

Run-off

34
Q

Give the advantages of of natural fertilisers:

A

They are slow to break down and release nutrients
It is recycled waste

35
Q

Give the disadvantages of using artificial fertiliser:

A

Expensive
Excess can leach into waterways

36
Q

Give three things ploughing is important for:

A

Drainage, which prevents water logging
Space for roots to grow
Providing oxygen for aerobic decomposes and nitrifying bacteria
Providing oxygen to root hair cells to speed up respiration and active uptake of nitrates

Biology (8 decks)

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