Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

what is metabolism

A

the sum of all cellular reactions

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2
Q

what is an anabolic reaction and an example

A

energy used and stored to create bonds (eg protein synthesis)

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3
Q

what is a catabolic reaction and an example

A

energy released to break bonds (eg cell respiration)

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4
Q

what is an enzyme

A

a biological catalyst that speed up reactions in living systems without altering anything (reusable)

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5
Q

what is an active site

A

enzymes have active sites that are unique 3D shapes that binds the substrate, each enzyme is unique for only one substrate

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6
Q

what is activation energy

A

initial energy required to start a reaction

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7
Q

how do enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering activation energy

A
  • binding the substrate tightly to weaken bonds

- positioning substrates in the right place for the reaction to proceed

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8
Q

why do chemical reactions occur in several steps controlled by enzymes

A
  • to control amount of energy released at each step
  • to lower amount of activation energy required
  • so that intermediate products can be used in other reactions
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9
Q

what are 5 factors affecting enzyme activty

A

temp, pH, cofactors, enzyme/substrate concentration, inhibitors

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10
Q

explain the affect of temp on enzyme activity

A

higher temp = more energy to react, too high = enzyme denatures

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11
Q

explain the affect of pHon enzyme activity

A

enzymes each have an optimal pH that they react well too, too high pH = denature

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12
Q

explain the affect of cofactors on enzyme activity

A

co enzymes - molecule that binds to reshape substrate to fit in

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13
Q

explain the affect of enzyme/substrate concentration on enzyme activity

A

enzyme: higher concentration = rate of reaction increases because more chance of binding
substrate: more substrate = less active sites

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14
Q

explain the affect of inhibitors on enzyme activity

A

competitive - binds and blocks substrates from binding

non-competitive - attach on enzyme (not active site) and distort enzyme and therefore active site shape

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