Enzymes Flashcards
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself changed by the reaction.
What does hydrogen peroxide break down into and what is the reaction’s catalyst?
water + oxygen
managanese oxide
What happens to the escaping oxygen when hydrogen peroxide breaks down?
It causes foaming
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
Where are enzymes secreted?
They occur inside cells or are secreted by the cells.
What is the catalase?
The enzyme that catalyzes the break down of hydrogen peroxide.
What are the 5 properties of enzymes?
- They are all proteins
- Each enzyme catalyzes one reaction
- They can be used again and again
- They are influenced by temperature
- They are influenced by pH
Enzymes are ___. Proteins are long ____ that are folded into a specific shape.
Proteins
Molecules
Name a few enzymes: (7)
- Catalase
- Amylase
- Pepsin
- Trypsin
- Maltase
- Protease
- Lipase
What is the active site?
What is the substrate molecule?
What is the product molecule?
True or False
The enzyme can be re-used
True
What model is used to describe how the substrate gets into the enzyme?
Explain how the lock and key model works. (6)
- The shape of the enzyme’s active site is complementary to the shape of the substrate.
- This is like a key (substrate) fitting into the lock (enzyme).
- The enzyme is specific to the substrate: a substrate with a different shape cannot fit into the active site.
- The substrate fits into the active site and forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
- Enzyme/products complex
- Products leaving active site of enzyme
What enzyme is used in removing sticky glue?
Esterase
Which enzymes in detergents break down? 1.fats, 2.proteins and 3. Carbohydrates
- Lipase
- Protease
- Carbohydrase
What are the enzymes used in the textile industry?
The enzymes used in the textile field are amylases, catalase, and laccase which are used to removing the starch
How are enzymes used to produce certain foods like syrup?
Enzymes will break down starch into suagrs to produce syrup.
How are enzymes used in the leather industry?
Dehairing is the single largest process in leather production, which requires a huge amount of industrial enzymes like proteases, amylases, and lipases.
Which enzymes are used in biodegradable plastic?
Carbios’ enzymes degrade plastics
Which enzymes are in biological washing powder?
Biological washing powder
How do enzymes help in food production?
The enzymes which are used in baby food are there because they allow the food to be pre-digested in the baby’s stomach.
How are enzymes used in the brewing industry?
All of the main enzymes such as amylases, proteases, glucanase, and cellulase are crucial for the beer production process.
How are enzymes used in the rubber industry?
Enzymes responsible for natural rubber degradation.
What is lactase?
Lactase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that cuts lactose into its constituent sugars, galactose and glucose.
How are enzymes used in fruit juice production?
The enzymes used are designed to break down cells walls and release the liquids and sugars which make up the fruit.
How are enzymes used in baking?
The vast majority of enzymes are simple proteins. In bread making, we are mostly concerned with the enzyme amylase. The main function of amylase in wheat flour is to break down complex starches into simple sugars.
How are enzymes used in lactose-free milk?
The enzyme lactase breaks down the sugar lactose, which is found in milk, into the sugars glucose and galactose.
Which enzymes tenderize food?
The two most often used meat tenderizing enzymesare Papain and Bromelain
How do enzymes tenderize meat?
Enzymes break down the connective tissue in meats.
How can the rate enzyme reactions be measured?
By recording time for a substrate to disappear or a product appears.
Each enzyme is specific to one ___ molecule or one type of molecule.
Substrate
How is the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction affected by temperature? (2)
- At low temperatures enzyme controlled reactions go slowly becasue the molecules have low kinetic energy.
- When temperature increases the reactionn also increases as the molecules have more kinetic energy.
What is the optimum temperature?
40 degrees
What does optimum temperature mean?
The temperature at which the rate of reaction is fastest is known as the optimum temperature.
How does the optimum temperature affect the enzyme?
The enzyme changes shape and the active site longer matches the shape of the substrate molecule. The enxyme is said to be denatured.
Rate of reaction of an enzyme reaction changes at different _____.
Tmeperatures
How does pH affect enzymes?
The activity and shape of enzymes is also affecetd by pH.
What pH do enzymes love to work at?
At an optimum pH. Outside of its pH range the enzyme is denatured.
