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Life Science-Biochemical Molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What does each of the organic compounds classes consist of?

A

Consist of large molecules built from small subunits.

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2
Q

What are organic compounds? (5)

A

-carbohydrates -proteins -lipids -vitamins -nucleic acids

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3
Q

What is the smallest subunit?

A

Monomer

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4
Q

What do several monomers combine to form?

A

A polymer

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5
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Monomer, a molecule of any of a class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules or polymers.

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6
Q

What is polymer?

A

A polymer is a type of chemical compound whose molecules are bonded together in long repeating chains.

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7
Q

What is each of these polymers characterized by?

A

Characterized by a specific structure owing to the chemical bonds formed.

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8
Q

What are the structures in polymers characterized by?

A

These structures are related to the function of the compound in living organisms.

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9
Q

What are the elements of carbohydrates?

A

Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen

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10
Q

Name the monomer of carbohydrates.

A
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11
Q

What are the monosaccharides?

A

Glucose,Fructose,Galactose

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12
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

When 2 monosaccharides join together it is called a condensation reaction. Water is removed.

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13
Q

What is the bond between 2 monosaccharides called?

A

Glycosidic bond

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14
Q

What are two monosaccharides joined together called?

A

Disaccharide

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15
Q

What are lots of monosaccharides joined together called?

A

Polysaccharide

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of simple carbohydrates? (5)

A
  • Small
  • Sweet
  • Soluble
  • Sweet tasting
  • Reducing sugars
17
Q

Structural composition of monosaccharides: (2)

A
18
Q

Strcutural composition of disaccharides:

A

2 monosaccharides joined chemically by glycosidic bonds

19
Q

Structural composition of complex carbohydrates:(5)

A
  • Large
  • Compact or long
  • Insoluble
  • Not sweet tasting
  • Not reducing sugars
20
Q

____ is basically a Monosaccharide. A monosaccharide is also called simple sugar and is the most basic form of _____. Hexose sugars include ___,___, and _____.

A

Hexose

Carbohydrate

Fructose

Glucose

Galactose

21
Q

How rings do monasaccharides have?

A
22
Q

Glucose + Fructose

Glucose + Glucose

Glucose + Galactose

A

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

23
Q

Draw on your wit bord how disaccharides form.

A
24
Q

What happens to a disaccharide when it splits into two monomers?

A

It is called Hydrolysis because water is needed.

25
Q

Where do we generally find starch?

A

We generally find starch in the plant’s roots and seeds. All plants when they synthesize glucose, the extra glucose is stored in the form of starch.

26
Q

Starch is an element present in all _____ plants.

A

photosynthetic

27
Q

Why is starch called a glucan?

A

It only consists of glucose molecules all linked together.

28
Q

What is cellulose?

A

Cellulose is an important structural element of the cell walls of all photosynthetic plants

29
Q

What type of polysaccharide is cellulose?

A

It is a fibrous kind of polysaccharide which is highly insoluble in water.

30
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.

31
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Energy storage and
substrate for energy
production

32
Q

1g=__kJ

A

17

33
Q

What are the biological functions of carbohydrates?

A

• Main source of fuel for cellular
respiration
• Source of reserve energy
• Influences osmosis in cells
• Structural component in:

  1. • Cell walls
  2. • Nucleotides
  3. • Arthropod exoskeleton
34
Q

Where do you find:

  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharides
  3. Polysaccharides
A
  1. Honey,glucose sweets
  2. Sugar, milk sugar
  3. Potatoes,bread,rice
35
Q

what color is iodine in the presence of starch?

A

Blue-Black

36
Q

What is the chemical test to identify the presence of reducing sugars?

A

Benedicts Reagent

Life Science-Biochemical Molecules (6 decks)

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