Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > ENZYMES > Flashcards

ENZYMES Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active Site

A

The part of the enzyme into which the reactant molecule fits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that changes the rate of a reaction without being used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Denatured

A

The state of an enzyme when it has been irreversibly damaged and has changed shape. and doesn’t work anymore.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enzyme

A

A biological Catalyst. They can be used to break apart

molecules or build them up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inhibitor

A

A molecule that decreases the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lock and Key

A

A model of how enzymes work and the importance of their shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Optimum

A

The temperature and pH at which an enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds at the fastest rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reactant

A

The molecule that binds to and reacts with the enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Respiration

A

The series of reactions that release energy from glucose, in the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fermentation

A

The conversion of sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide by enzymes in yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Digestive System

A

Where large molecules are broken down into small soluble ones. These molecules
can be absorbed into the blood plasma in the small intestine (villi, microvilli) via diffusion/active
transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Starch can be broken down into glucose using the amylase enzyme. This happens in
the mouth and small intestine. Glucose is the fuel for respiration. The process by which energy is
released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lipids

A

Digestion happens in the small intestine. It is first broken down into smaller droplets by bile,
increasing the surface area for lipase, to then break it down into glycerol and fatty acids. Used as a
store of energy and can be used as a fuel for respiration. Also is used for cell membranes and
insulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteins

A
  • Broken down in the stomach using pepsin (protease enzyme). It can also be broken down
    in the small intestine using trypsin (another protease enzyme). Proteins break down into amino
    acids. To be used for growth and repair of cells and tissues. Can also be a fuel for respiration.
    Antibodies, enzymes and some hormones are made of protein.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Substrate

A

The molecule/molecules that are being catalysed by the enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Products

A

This is the molecule/molecules that are released at the end of the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Amylase

A
  • Enzyme made in the salivary glands and the pancreas. It works in the mouth and small
    intestine to break down starch into glucose.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme made in pancreas and stomach lining. It works in the stomach and small intestine
to break down protein to amino acids.

20
Q

Lipase

A

Enzyme made in the pancreas. It works in the small intestine to break down small fat
droplets into glycerol and fatty acids.

21
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produces and secretes amylase.

22
Q

Stomach

A

Where protein is broken down by pepsin (protease enzyme which has an optimum pH at
pH2). It is acidic due to the presence of hydrochloric acid, which works to kill bacteria that have been
ingested.

23
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes all digestive enzymes to be secreted into the small intestine.

24
Q

Small intestine

A

Where protein, carbs and lipids are broken down into small soluble molecules. These
are absorbed through microvilli and villi (large surface area) into the blood plasma.

25
Q

Liver

A

Make bile

26
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores bile

27
Q

Bile

A

Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Emulsifies/Breaks down large fat droplets into
smaller ones, to increase the surface area for lipase to work on. It also neutralises stomach acid.

28
Q

Large intestine

A

Where water is absorbed into the blood by osmosis and faeces begins to form.

29
Q

Rectum

A

Stores faeces.

30
Q

Anus

A

Where faeces is egested.

31
Q

Tissue

A

A group of specialised cells that have a similar structure and function working together. E.g
heart/cardiac muscle

32
Q

Water

A
  • Absorbed by osmosis in the large intestine. Used in the blood plasma for transporting
    substances. Is also essential for regulating temperature.
33
Q

Amino acids

A

The building blocks of proteins

34
Q

Carbohydrase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of

carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars.

35
Q

Oesophagus

A

Muscular tube which pushes food from the mouth to the

stomach by using peristalsis.

36
Q

Teeth

A

Hard structures in the mouth that break up and grind
food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for
digestive enzymes to work on.

37
Q

Mouth

A

Hole where food is first placed to be chewed and

swallowed.

38
Q

Saliva

A

Liquid substance that lubricates food making it easier to
swallow and contains amylase which begins the
breakdown of carbohydrates.

39
Q

Digestion

A

The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into
small soluble food molecules that can be absorbed into
the blood stream.

40
Q

Why can enzymes be described as biological catalysts?

A

Sometimes, enzymes can be described as biological catalysts because they seed up reactions like respiration and photosynthesis, and they make new proteins

41
Q

Why do enzymes only usually catalyse one reaction?

A

Enzymes only usually catalyse one reaction because the active site has a specific shape which only one substrate can fit in

42
Q

What does it mean when an enzyme has ‘denatured’?

A

When an enzyme has denatured, it means that the enzyme has exceeded past its optimum pH and temperature which changes the shape of the active site meaning the specific substrate can no longer fit.

43
Q

List three places where amylase is made in the human body?

A

►Salivary glands
►Pancreas
►Small intestine

44
Q

What is the role of lipases?

A

The role of lipases are to break down lipids in to glycerol ad fatty acids

45
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Bile is stored in the gall bladder before it is released in to the small intestine. it produced in the liver.

46
Q

Name the solution that you would use to test for the presence of lipids in a food sample.

A

Sudan III test is used to test for lipids in food.

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions