Enzymes

Question 1

Activation energy

Answer 1

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 2

Active Site

Answer 2

The part of the enzyme into which the reactant molecule fits

Question 3

Catalyst

Answer 3

A substance that changes the rate of a reaction without being used up

Question 4

Denatured

Answer 4

The state of an enzyme when it has been irreversibly damaged and has changed shape

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

A biological Catalyst

Question 6

Fermentation

Answer 6

The conversion of sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide by enzymes in yeast

Question 7

Inhibitor

Answer 7

A molecule that decreases the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 8

Lock and Key

Answer 8

A model of how enzymes work and the importance of their shape

Question 9

Optimum

Answer 9

The temperature and pH at which an enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds at the fastest rate

Question 10

Reactant

Answer 10

The molecule that binds to and reacts with the enzyme

Question 11

Respiration

Answer 11

The series of reactions that release energy from glucose, in the presence of oxygen

Question 12

Organ system

Answer 12

The different organ systems work together in an

organism. E.g circulatory system

Question 13

Digestive system

Answer 13

• Where large molecules are broken down into small soluble ones. These molecules
  can be absorbed into the blood plasma in the small intestine (villi, microvilli) via diffusion/active
  transport.

Question 14

Carbohydrates

Answer 14

Starch can be broken down into glucose using the amylase enzyme. This happens in
the mouth and small intestine. Glucose is the fuel for respiration. The process by which energy is
released.

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

• Digestion happens in the small intestine. It is first broken down into smaller droplets by bile,
  increasing the surface area for lipase, to then break it down into glycerol and fatty acids. Used as a
  store of energy and can be used as a fuel for respiration. Also is used for cell membranes and
  insulation.

Question 16

substrate

Answer 16

The molecule/molecules that are being catalyses by the enzyme.

Question 17

Amylase

Answer 17

Enzyme made in the salivary glands and the pancreas. It works in the mouth and small
intestine to break down starch into glucose.

Question 18

Protease

Answer 18

Enzyme made in pancreas and stomach lining. It works in the stomach and small intestine
to break down protein to amino acids.

Question 19

Lipase

Answer 19

Enzyme made in the pancreas. It works in the small intestine to break down small fat
droplets into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 20

Salivary glands

Answer 20

Produces and secretes amylase.

Question 21

Stomach

Answer 21

• Where protein is broken down by pepsin (protease enzyme which has an optimum pH at
  pH2). It is acidic due to the presence of hydrochloric acid, which works to kill bacteria that have been
  ingested.

Question 22

Pancreas

Answer 22

Makes all digestive enzymes to be secreted into the small intestine.

Question 23

Liver

Answer 23

Makes bile

Question 24

Gall Bladder

Answer 24

Stores bile

Question 25

Large intestine

Answer 25

Where water is absorbed into the blood by osmosis and faeces begins to form

Question 26

Rectum

Answer 26

Stores faeces

Question 27

Anus

Answer 27

Where faeces is egested.

Question 28

Products

Answer 28

This is the molecule/molecules that are released at the end of the reaction

Question 29

Food Tests

Answer 29

You need to know the food tests for starch, glucose (sugars), lipids and protein. See the Required Practical.

Question 30

Tissue

Answer 30

A group of specialised cells that have a similar structure and function working together. E.g heart/cardiac muscle.

Question 31

Fibre

Answer 31

Assists the movement of food through the intestine and helps prevent bowel cancer

Question 32

Minerals

Answer 32

Small molecules that do not need to be broken down by enzymes. Iron forms the part of haemoglobin which binds to oxygen. Calcium is needed to form healthy bones and teeth.

Question 33

Vitamins

Answer 33

Small molecules that do not need to be broken down by enzymes. A: Needed for the pigment in eyes and protects the surface. C: For healthy skin teeth and gums. D: To absorb calcium