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biology > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cells

A

building blocks of life

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2
Q

binary fission

A

prokaryotic cells can reproduce using a type of simple cell division

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3
Q

mitosis

A

Mitosis is a type of cell division. Mitosis occurs wherever more cells are needed. It produces two new cells that are identical to each other, and to the parent cell.

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4
Q

diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentrationto a region of lower concentration

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5
Q

osmosis

A

Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

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6
Q

These can grow into any type of cell found in the body. They are not specialised. Stem cells can be removed from human embryos that are a few days old, for example, from unused embryos left over from fertility treatment.

A

stem cells

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7
Q

cell divison

A

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

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8
Q

differentiation

A

the process where a cell changes from one cell type to anothe

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9
Q

sperm cells

A

specialised for reproduction/long tail and streamlined head to help swim/lots of mitochondria for energy/

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10
Q

nerve cells

A

specialised for rapid signalling/carry electrical signals/long and branched to connect

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11
Q

muscle cells

A

specialised for contraction/myocyte/found in muscle tissue

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12
Q

root hair cell

A

specialised for absorbing water and minerals/long ‘finger like’ process/thin wall/large surface area.

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13
Q

phloem and xylem

A

specialised for transporting substances

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14
Q

nucleus

A

contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes

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16
Q

cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

17
Q

mitochondria

A

most energy is released by respiration here

18
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis happens here

19
Q

cell wall

A

strengthens the cell

20
Q

chloroplasts

A

contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

21
Q

permanent vacuole

A

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

22
Q

Bacteria do not have a nucleus. They do have two types of DNA – plasmid and chromosomal. The chromosomal DNA carries most of the genetic information. Plasmid DNA forms small loops and carries extra information

A

bacteria cells

23
Q

a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

A

respiration

24
Q

active transport

A

sometimes substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient. low to high concentration and energy

25
Q

microscopy

A

the use of microscopes

26
Q

dna

A

deoxyrilbonucleic acid

27
Q

egg cell

A

to join with male cell/provides food/lots of cytoplasm

28
Q

guard cell

A

each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells.

29
Q

white blood cells

A

which protect against disease.

30
Q

red blood cells

A

Haemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen

31
Q

The palisade cell can be found in the upper part of all leaves. Their function is to enable photosynthesis to be carried out efficiently and they have several adaptations.

A

palisade leaf cell

32
Q

magnification

A

image size /real size

33
Q

enzymes

A

Enzymes are biological molecules (proteins) that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life.

34
Q

diffusion - gut

A

digested food products gut cavity blood in capillary of villus

35
Q

diffusion - lungs

A

oxygen alveolar air space blood circulating around the lungs

36
Q

respiration

A

a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

37
Q

cell division- mitosis

A

It produces two new cells that are identical to each other, and to the parent cell. The process of growth and division is called the cell cycle.

biology (4 decks)

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