Enzymes Flashcards
What is the shape of an enzyme vital for?
It’s function
What changes the shape of an enzyme?
High temperatures
What do different enzymes work best at?
Different pH values
Some enzymes work outside the…
Body cells
What are digestive enzymes produced by?
Specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut
What do digestive enzymes catalyse the breakdown of?
Large molecules into smaller molecules
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
What does amylase catalyse the breakdown of? Where?
Starch into sugars, in the mouth and the small intestine
Where is protease produced?
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine
What does protease catalyse the breakdown of? Where?
Proteins into amino acids, in the stomach and small intestine
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas, small intestine
What does lipase catalyse the breakdown of? Where?
Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, in the small intestine
What else does the stomach produce?
Hydrochloric acid
What type of conditions do enzymes in the stomach work best at?
Acidic conditions
What does the liver produce? Where is it stored?
Bile, stored in the gall bladder
Where is bile released into? Why?
The small intestine, to neutralise the acid that was in the food from the stomach
What conditions do enzymes in the small intestine work best at?
Alkaline
Some microorganisms produce enzymes that…
Pass out of the cells
Where do enzymes produced by microorganisms have many uses?
In industry and at home
What do biological detergents contain?
Proteases and lipases
What are biological detergents more effective at?
Lower temperatures
What enzyme is used in baby food? Why?
Protease, to pre-digest the protein
What’s carbohydrase used to convert starch into?
Sugar syrup
What is isomerase used to convert glucose syrup into?
Fructose syrup- which is very sweet
In industry, enzymes are used to…
Bring about reactions at normal temperatures and pressures
What’s the problem with enzymes in industry?
They are denatured at high temperatures and are costly to produce
